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In San Rafael, California,
north of San Francisco,

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a judge and three other persons
were shot to death today

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in an attempt
by a group of convicts to escape.

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There are still a great many loose ends

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and a great deal of speculation
about what happened here.

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Investigators will now try to determine
if there was a conspiracy of some kind

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that involved, perhaps, more persons

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than those who actually
participated in the bloody event.

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Today, it turned out that two of the guns
used in the courtroom

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were bought by Angela Davis.

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She was the teacher fired from the
University of California at Los Angeles,

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after she said, yes, she was a communist.

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I grew up in Birmingham, Alabama.

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I think we all realized that this was not
the way things were supposed to be.

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And my mother used to say that.

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My father had guns in the house.

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And we all knew that when they came out,

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generally, it was in response to some threat.

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As much as I wanted to see change happen,

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I left the South precisely at the moment

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when radical change
was about to take place.

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I discovered a new program

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to bring black students from
the segregated South to the North.

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So, I didn't get to directly experience,

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you know, all of the protests in Birmingham.

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I attended Elisabeth Irwin High School
in New York

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and went to Brandeis. There were
very few black students there.

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And then, of course,
I ended up studying in Germany

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when these new developments
in the black movement happened,

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the emergence of the Black Panther Party.

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And my feeling was that, "I wanna be there.

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"This is earth-shaking. This is change.
I wanna be a part of that."

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Revolution is about thinking about
things in a radically different way.

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And, I think, given the history of America,

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the idea that black people
should be equal, and really equal,

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was a revolutionary thing.

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In America, black people are treated
very much as the Vietnamese people.

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And the police, they are not to...

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In our community,
are not to promote our welfare,

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or our security and our safety.

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But they are there to contain us,
to brutalize us and murder us.

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Do you know what Black Power means?

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Black Power means dignity.

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The fact is that some of our fellow
citizens have turned against our society

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and turned against our government.

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People, perhaps, that you do not see,

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people that, perhaps,
you do not come in contact with,

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and the fact you can't get a job. Only
40% of the men that live in the ghetto

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have jobs that pay more than $60 a week.

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How can you support a family?
How can you bring up children in dignity?

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The Panthers,
if you look at their 10-point program,

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it's about jobs, it's about education,
it's about equality.

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And the point that everyone remembers
is the self-defense.

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The Panthers, they not only had guns,
they wanted you to know they had guns.

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Exhibit A was when they burst into
a session of the state legislature.

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The Black Panther Party for Self Defense

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calls upon the American
people in general,

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and the black people in particular,

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to take careful note
of the racist California legislature

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which is now considering legislation

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aimed at keeping the black people
disarmed and powerless

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at the very same time racist police
agencies throughout the country

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are intensifying the terror, brutality,
murder and repression of black people.

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All of these police were summoned,
and what they found

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was, indeed,
the Panthers were not breaking any law.

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I saw the photograph of the
Black Panther Party in some newspaper

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when I was studying in Germany.

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And again, I had this sense,
"The world is changing.

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"My world is changing,
and I do want to be a part of this."

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And I decided that I would go back.

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I would go back
and I decided to go to San Diego,

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which was where Marcuse was.

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Herbert Marcuse was
an amazing philosopher.

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The important message I got from him

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was that knowledge
can help to transform the world.

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That knowledge does not exist
in a dimension of its own,

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but rather it can be active,
it can be practical.

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Angela Davis is possibly

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the most intelligent person
that I have ever been around,

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when it comes to studying
classical German philosophy.

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She had been a very, very
good student at Brandeis,

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and she had gone to Germany
to the Frankfurt School.

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She became, you know, part of
an international intellectual community.

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Her intellectual engagement,
as the most important thing in her life,

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was clearly mapped out at that point.

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She smoked Gauloises, chain-smoked
them, was very European.

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And she came out of that heavy
intellectual atmosphere rise in San Diego

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that was just the beginnings
of the Black Panthers,

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the wake of the riots, and so on.

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So, she wasn't really wired into that

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and hadn't had a lot of
personal experience, I think, with it.

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When I had attempted
to become involved in

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political organizations in San Diego,

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I had not had very much success.

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Some people thought I was an agent.

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You know, who was this black woman
who's coming from Europe

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and wanting to know
what's going on in the community?

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But I realized that I needed a collective.

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I needed people to engage with.

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I needed to...

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I didn't see myself accomplishing
anything important as an individual.

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Said I wanted freedom
Freedom!

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Black is beautiful

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Angela Davis wanted to be a part
of the Black Power movement.

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I was the section leader
of the Black Panther Party.

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And I asked Angela

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to participate in the educational

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that I was conducting on Marxism
to my cadre.

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That was the extent of her involvement.

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I had gotten involved, very briefly,
with the Black Panther Party,

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Black Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee,

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the black student organization
on my campus,

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but I did not like the nationalism,
I did not like the male supremacy,

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I did not like the fact that women were
expected to take a back seat

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and, literally, to sit at the feet of the men.

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So it was really refreshing to meet
someone like Franklin Alexander

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and Franklin's wife, Kendra.

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I think, basically, what we're doing is

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we're saying that this system
is rotten at its core,

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while we fight for the immediate needs
of the people, constantly and continually.

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Better housing, you know,
the end of police brutality.

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Stopping the depression level of
unemployment in the black community.

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And while we continue
to do those kinds of things,

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we do know, in fact, that this
system itself creates those conditions.

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The changing of those conditions

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basically means establishing
a socialist society.

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The Che Lumumba Club was
an open Communist Party club.

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And the purpose of it was
to allow the Communist Party

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to openly operate
inside the Black Power movement.

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I don't know whether I would've joined
the Communist Party at that time,

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had not the Che Lumumba Club existed.

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You know, Che Guevara, Patrice Lumumba,

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sort of symbolic of the global revolution

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you know, very specifically Third World
people, people of color.

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And that was
what really drew me into the party.

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We have to talk about being radical.

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And radical means, etymologically,
you know, to get things at their root.

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It's very interesting. The white people
have been called radicals for a long time.

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And black people have been called
militants, you know?

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As if black people can't be radicals, too.

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But if we don't fight now,

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we'll never be able to put into practice
that slogan

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which, I think, crystallizes
what we've been talking about,

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and that is all the power to the people.

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I was invited to apply
for this position at UCLA.

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They needed someone
who was trained in continental philosophy

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and who could teach Marxism.

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I decided to accept the job.

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There had been an article

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written by a man who had joined
the Communist Party,

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but, actually, he was an FBI agent.

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And then after that,
a well-known reactionary reporter

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in Northern California
wrote a scathing article about me.

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And that's when all hell broke loose.

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Yesterday was the first day
of the fall term at UCLA,

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and philosophy professor, Angela Davis,

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was on her way to teach her first class
amid controversy,

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for Miss Davis admitted that she is
a member of the Communist Party.

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And the regents who run the university
decided, because of that,

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she should not be allowed to teach.

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For UCLA, it has
become the crisis of the year.

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I had known Angela as a child.

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I went down there,
and I hadn't seen her in years,

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as we went different ways.
And I went down there

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and I asked her, you know,
if I could be of help and so forth.

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Her first lecture drew 2,000 students

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and was on the philosophy
of Frederick Douglass.

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What was your reaction to the lecture?

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I think she is a superb lecturer.
You can learn so much.

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As I infer from just what she said today,
it was terrific.

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Well, I think she's trying to overthrow
our system of government,

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and she admits that.

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And while I think it is bad to limit
freedom of speech of any group,

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because it limits democracy,

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I think it is better
to have a limited democracy

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that will last for a long, long time,

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than complete democracy,
complete freedom,

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that lasts only for a brief period.

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If I were able to deliver that coherent,
that beautiful

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and that intellectual a lecture
on my first time,

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to how many thousands of people
there were in that place,

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I'd feel like a superstar.

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The woman is an admitted member
of the Communist Party.

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She also, in her letter to Chancellor Young,

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indicated that she felt

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that the only way we could bring about
the social change that's necessary today

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is through violence and militancy.

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I don't think we need that on campus,
and so I'm for getting rid of her.

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The regents seem intent
on meting out punishments

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which concur with the fascist tendencies
of the times.

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The sole reason they give
for their intention to fire me

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is my membership in the Communist Party.

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I became chancellor of UCLA in 1968.

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The main issue at stake was,

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I'll use a catchphrase, "academic freedom."

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I think that was my main concern,

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that while it was appropriate

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to make sure that a person was not
misusing or abusing

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his or her appointment
as a member of the faculty,

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that a person's political views

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should not be of concern

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with regard to his or her appointment.

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But my own personal opinion,
and that's all it can be,

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I have no evidence otherwise,

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my own personal opinion is

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that this entire incident,
starting with the hiring of Miss Davis,

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was a deliberate provocation.

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It's probably true,
Reagan believed that she was dangerous.

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That she would use her bully-pulpit
in the faculty

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to indoctrinate students, to try to
win students over to communism,

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to try to engage in activities
which would be harmful to the university.

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Part of the policy of Governor Reagan

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was really to do everything possible

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to repress the radical political movement
as they saw it developing.

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The Anti-War Movement,
Students for a Democratic Society,

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the emergence of the Black Panther Party.

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And Angela becomes a symbol of all
of those movements at the same time.

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There was no precedent in my life

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for this kind of public exposure.

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And then, of course,
there were all of the threats.

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You know, I was told to go back to Africa,

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then I was told to go back to Russia.

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And often times, I received

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letters saying that
I was gonna be dead by sundown.

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And so, my life completely changed.

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I bought my first gun

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because I really feared that

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I might be in a situation where
either the police, or agents

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or other people would take my life.

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What they're doing to her
is an exaggerated form

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of what happens every day
to black people in this country.

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And they're saying
to those communities through her

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that, you know, people have to
straighten up and fly right

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and be good niggers, you know?

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I think the first thing we have to do

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is certainly make sure that we do have
some unity in the black community,

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so that when a sister like that stands up,

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that they don't wipe her out as one person,

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00:17:09,056 --> 00:17:10,936
that they have to wipe out
more than one person.

242
00:17:17,765 --> 00:17:21,235
Being a revolutionary,
some of it was just being young

243
00:17:21,302 --> 00:17:23,373
and being romantic and...

244
00:17:24,238 --> 00:17:26,878
I don't know that we had a real idea

245
00:17:26,941 --> 00:17:31,356
of, you know,
how bloody a revolution could really be.

246
00:17:43,190 --> 00:17:45,931
I was involved
in hundreds of peace marches,

247
00:17:45,993 --> 00:17:49,835
and, I mean, peace marches
against the war in Vietnam

248
00:17:49,897 --> 00:17:52,009
that ended up with the
police beating people up

249
00:17:52,071 --> 00:17:53,471
and tear gassing people.

250
00:17:57,571 --> 00:17:59,676
Malcolm X gets assassinated,

251
00:17:59,740 --> 00:18:03,654
you might expect that 'cause he was
talking about the ballot or the bullet.

252
00:18:05,813 --> 00:18:08,419
But Martin Luther King, Robert Kennedy.

253
00:18:10,484 --> 00:18:13,488
There was the beginnings of, on both sides,

254
00:18:16,524 --> 00:18:22,964
a sense that this isn't gonna
be settled at the ballot box or in debates.

255
00:18:23,664 --> 00:18:25,507
This is gonna be war.

256
00:18:35,943 --> 00:18:40,358
Los Angeles, four and a half years
after the rebellion in Watts,

257
00:18:40,681 --> 00:18:42,833
300 Los Angeles policemen

258
00:18:42,895 --> 00:18:45,995
are involved in a raging
gun battle for nearly five hours.

259
00:18:46,554 --> 00:18:49,558
They are assaulting an office
of the Black Panther Party,

260
00:18:49,623 --> 00:18:53,127
the most powerful militant
black organization in the country.

261
00:18:54,829 --> 00:18:58,504
It is apparent that the undeclared war
between the police and the Panthers

262
00:18:58,566 --> 00:19:00,944
has reached alarming proportions.

263
00:19:01,502 --> 00:19:04,005
Party members at 30 chapters
across the country

264
00:19:04,071 --> 00:19:07,609
have stockpiled arsenals of
automatic weapons, shotguns, pistols

265
00:19:07,675 --> 00:19:09,177
and homemade bombs.

266
00:19:12,246 --> 00:19:14,486
Vice President Agnew
has called the Panthers,

267
00:19:14,548 --> 00:19:18,052
"A completely irresponsible,
anarchistic group of criminals."

268
00:19:18,385 --> 00:19:20,558
FBI director Hoover has called them,

269
00:19:20,621 --> 00:19:23,431
"The greatest danger to the internal
security of the country."

270
00:19:29,196 --> 00:19:30,796
Did you know that this was gonna happen?

271
00:19:31,031 --> 00:19:33,505
How was I to know the police were going

272
00:19:33,567 --> 00:19:36,741
to break into the Panther office
at 4:30 in the morning?

273
00:19:37,304 --> 00:19:39,477
They obviously didn't broadcast it.

274
00:19:39,673 --> 00:19:41,084
How did you hear about it?

275
00:19:41,909 --> 00:19:44,383
We got a call from someone who was inside,

276
00:19:44,445 --> 00:19:48,916
who said that the police had come
and had attacked their office.

277
00:19:50,017 --> 00:19:54,090
And what do you plan to do?
Do you plan to act as an intermediary

278
00:19:54,154 --> 00:19:57,624
or in any capacity like that?

279
00:19:57,791 --> 00:19:59,464
- I'll do anything I can.
- Thank you.

280
00:20:03,631 --> 00:20:07,636
It was as if we were living in a state of war.

281
00:20:09,169 --> 00:20:10,944
In a state of siege.

282
00:20:13,007 --> 00:20:17,387
For us, during that period, the
revolution was right around the corner,

283
00:20:17,645 --> 00:20:20,854
and we had to do everything we could
to usher it in.

284
00:20:21,181 --> 00:20:26,028
I'm representing the Che Lumumba Club
of the Communist Party.

285
00:20:30,224 --> 00:20:33,797
There is a conspiracy in the land.

286
00:20:33,861 --> 00:20:38,237
It's a conspiracy to wipe out, to murder

287
00:20:38,299 --> 00:20:42,372
every single Black Panther in America

288
00:20:42,636 --> 00:20:47,016
and to wipe out
the black community as a whole.

289
00:20:48,742 --> 00:20:52,985
Brothers and sisters, this is genocide.
We have to call it by its name.

290
00:20:53,047 --> 00:20:54,993
This is genocide.

291
00:20:55,115 --> 00:20:56,116
Right on.

292
00:20:56,951 --> 00:21:01,126
This conspiracy
to commit murder and genocide

293
00:21:01,188 --> 00:21:07,230
on our people forces us
to exercise our constitutional right

294
00:21:07,328 --> 00:21:11,834
to bear arms
and to use those arms to defend

295
00:21:11,932 --> 00:21:14,708
our community, our families and ourselves.

296
00:21:14,802 --> 00:21:16,475
Power to the people!

297
00:21:25,512 --> 00:21:29,153
The overwhelming majority
of the faculty at UCLA

298
00:21:29,216 --> 00:21:32,663
would have supported the position,
and did support the position I took.

299
00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:36,959
But the majority of the general population,

300
00:21:37,591 --> 00:21:41,471
who don't understand
what academic freedom really is,

301
00:21:41,795 --> 00:21:46,204
had concerns about
Angela Davis as a communist,

302
00:21:46,266 --> 00:21:50,373
Angela Davis as a black,
Angela Davis as a woman,

303
00:21:50,537 --> 00:21:52,539
Angela Davis as an activist.

304
00:21:54,174 --> 00:21:57,449
You couldn't have
put things together with anyone

305
00:21:57,511 --> 00:22:02,085
that would've been more
problem-creating than with Angela Davis.

306
00:22:03,050 --> 00:22:06,291
Today, in a rare action,
the Board of Regents voted 15-6

307
00:22:06,353 --> 00:22:08,993
to overrule the university and fire her.

308
00:22:09,123 --> 00:22:11,160
Governor Reagan voted with the majority.

309
00:22:11,325 --> 00:22:13,532
He said it wasn't
because she's a communist,

310
00:22:13,594 --> 00:22:15,335
but rather because she is unprofessional.

311
00:22:16,997 --> 00:22:20,604
While the regents were voting, Miss
Davis was a few blocks away in a rally

312
00:22:20,768 --> 00:22:24,580
protesting the treatment of black
prisoners in Soledad State Prison.

313
00:22:24,772 --> 00:22:27,713
She sees her dismissal
as a case of political repression

314
00:22:27,775 --> 00:22:30,449
which she may or may not challenge.

315
00:22:30,577 --> 00:22:33,051
I'm gonna keep on struggling
to free the Soledad Brothers

316
00:22:33,113 --> 00:22:34,353
and all political prisoners,

317
00:22:34,415 --> 00:22:37,055
because I think that
what has happened to me

318
00:22:37,117 --> 00:22:41,497
is only a very tiny, minute example
of what is happening to them.

319
00:22:41,588 --> 00:22:45,661
I suppose I just lost that job at UCLA

320
00:22:45,826 --> 00:22:49,205
as a result of
my political opinions and activities.

321
00:22:49,363 --> 00:22:53,175
Some UCLA professors plan
to raise money to pay her salary

322
00:22:53,367 --> 00:22:55,108
so she can continue to teach.

323
00:22:55,202 --> 00:22:57,682
The controversy is not over.

324
00:22:58,706 --> 00:23:02,950
I was still at UCLA
defending my right to teach,

325
00:23:03,143 --> 00:23:07,052
and this case emerged

326
00:23:07,114 --> 00:23:14,054
involving three, then young,
black men at Soledad Prison.

327
00:23:15,289 --> 00:23:22,104
All I could think about was
the image of three black men

328
00:23:23,063 --> 00:23:27,705
walking into a silent courtroom
in the city of Salinas

329
00:23:27,868 --> 00:23:30,610
with chains around their waists,

330
00:23:31,071 --> 00:23:34,678
chains under their crotch,
their hands chained,

331
00:23:34,842 --> 00:23:38,881
while their only crime was having attempted

332
00:23:38,946 --> 00:23:43,691
to organize the human beings
inside the Soledad Prison.

333
00:23:44,284 --> 00:23:46,764
They were the ones who were singled out

334
00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:52,700
to serve as examples to any
and everyone in this country

335
00:23:53,026 --> 00:23:56,468
who dares stands up for the truth.

336
00:23:56,530 --> 00:23:58,003
So, what connected these three men,

337
00:23:58,065 --> 00:24:01,706
and what gave rise to the Soledad
Brothers' case, is that a white guard

338
00:24:02,569 --> 00:24:06,449
was killed in Soledad
by being thrown from an upper tier.

339
00:24:07,107 --> 00:24:10,281
George Jackson, John Clutchette
and Fleeta Drumgo

340
00:24:10,511 --> 00:24:13,617
were very prominent
in the prison reform movement

341
00:24:13,847 --> 00:24:18,318
and were basically singled out
and accused of killing this prison guard.

342
00:24:18,752 --> 00:24:22,359
These individuals,
while they may have been incarcerated

343
00:24:23,824 --> 00:24:25,963
for crimes,

344
00:24:26,093 --> 00:24:31,600
now they have become persecuted
because of their political belief.

345
00:24:31,732 --> 00:24:36,044
I hope the people on this campus realize...

346
00:24:36,136 --> 00:24:40,414
What Angela Davis does is
become a primary spokesman

347
00:24:40,507 --> 00:24:43,715
for a quest to free political prisoners.

348
00:24:43,777 --> 00:24:44,916
We have to start fighting back.

349
00:24:44,978 --> 00:24:49,188
Those three brothers in Soledad Prison
are fighting back.

350
00:24:49,283 --> 00:24:52,958
They'd all been convicted
of relatively minor property crimes.

351
00:24:54,054 --> 00:24:56,830
One of them had been accused
of stealing a television set.

352
00:24:57,457 --> 00:25:00,802
George had been accused of stealing $70.

353
00:25:01,295 --> 00:25:04,139
He had been in solitary confinement
for seven years.

354
00:25:04,698 --> 00:25:06,234
He'd been in prison for 11,

355
00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:09,213
and seven of those years
had been in solitary confinement.

356
00:25:09,870 --> 00:25:11,643
Once he got into prison,

357
00:25:11,705 --> 00:25:15,614
he was a strong-willed,
rebellious personality

358
00:25:15,676 --> 00:25:17,713
who continued to defy authorities.

359
00:25:17,778 --> 00:25:21,282
And then he also found his voice as a writer.

360
00:25:21,348 --> 00:25:24,488
And he studied and he became radicalized.

361
00:25:24,551 --> 00:25:26,087
And, I think, once he emerged

362
00:25:26,186 --> 00:25:30,794
as someone who could
articulate revolutionary ideas,

363
00:25:30,858 --> 00:25:33,998
people gravitated to that kind of leadership.

364
00:25:34,094 --> 00:25:35,767
Look...

365
00:25:37,097 --> 00:25:42,274
One of the most important elements of
guerrilla warfare is to maintain secrecy.

366
00:25:42,369 --> 00:25:46,875
I've killed nobody until, you know,
it's been proven.

367
00:25:47,541 --> 00:25:49,661
And they'll never be able
to prove anything like that.

368
00:25:51,278 --> 00:25:54,259
Most people I knew
thought George Jackson was a hero.

369
00:25:54,648 --> 00:25:58,926
The fact that he may have also been
a criminal was glossed over.

370
00:26:00,854 --> 00:26:03,596
I first saw him

371
00:26:04,591 --> 00:26:05,931
at a hearing.

372
00:26:05,993 --> 00:26:07,833
We may have mouthed some words,

373
00:26:07,895 --> 00:26:12,776
but it was, of course, illegal to
communicate with prisoners in the court.

374
00:26:14,368 --> 00:26:19,374
I was, you know, drawn by
a kind of tenderness

375
00:26:19,439 --> 00:26:23,581
that I did not expect to find in prisoners.

376
00:26:25,746 --> 00:26:30,593
He was a beautiful writer,
a powerful writer, passionate writer.

377
00:26:31,051 --> 00:26:36,057
And I eventually felt very much
seduced by that.

378
00:26:46,733 --> 00:26:48,804
Brother George Jackson,
one of the Soledad Brothers,

379
00:26:48,869 --> 00:26:52,373
has been in prison for 10 years

380
00:26:52,439 --> 00:26:56,285
since he was 18 years old
on a second degree robbery charge.

381
00:26:57,744 --> 00:27:00,552
One of the things that we really have
to talk about and come to grips with

382
00:27:00,614 --> 00:27:02,787
is this whole question of crime.

383
00:27:03,050 --> 00:27:07,055
What does it mean to be
a criminal in this society?

384
00:27:10,657 --> 00:27:13,900
George had a younger brother, Jonathan,

385
00:27:14,094 --> 00:27:18,804
who was about 16, I think,
when I first met him.

386
00:27:18,966 --> 00:27:23,574
He was an incredible writer,
and wrote for his school newspaper,

387
00:27:23,637 --> 00:27:28,211
and wrote articles about his brother
and the Soledad Brothers' case.

388
00:27:28,275 --> 00:27:30,215
I think he was totally devastated

389
00:27:30,277 --> 00:27:34,657
that his brother had been
behind bars for 10 years.

390
00:27:45,692 --> 00:27:48,764
I came to realize that
the Soledad Brothers Defense Committee

391
00:27:48,829 --> 00:27:50,365
was really a lifeline for him.

392
00:27:50,464 --> 00:27:53,104
He needed to have some hope

393
00:27:53,166 --> 00:27:58,309
that the person he most identified
with in life

394
00:27:58,372 --> 00:28:00,784
was one day going to be free.

395
00:28:55,662 --> 00:28:58,541
In San Rafael, California,
north of San Francisco,

396
00:28:58,632 --> 00:29:01,169
a judge and three other persons
were shot to death today

397
00:29:01,268 --> 00:29:03,976
in an attempt
by a group of convicts to escape.

398
00:29:07,107 --> 00:29:10,350
Judge Harold Haley was hearing the case
of a San Quentin inmate

399
00:29:10,444 --> 00:29:13,618
when an unidentified man armed
with dynamite and an automatic weapon

400
00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:14,988
entered the courtroom.

401
00:29:15,148 --> 00:29:18,357
The defendant, along with
two other inmates testifying for him,

402
00:29:18,485 --> 00:29:20,590
reportedly joined with the unidentified man

403
00:29:20,654 --> 00:29:24,568
in rounding up the judge, a deputy
district attorney and three women jurors.

404
00:29:25,959 --> 00:29:27,870
When it was over, Judge Haley was dead,

405
00:29:27,994 --> 00:29:31,066
the deputy district attorney
had been critically wounded in the back,

406
00:29:31,164 --> 00:29:33,303
one woman juror was wounded in the arm,

407
00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:36,447
two of the inmates were dead,
as was the unidentified man.

408
00:29:40,273 --> 00:29:45,416
I could not deal with the fact that
this young man,

409
00:29:45,545 --> 00:29:48,116
who was 17 at the time,

410
00:29:48,315 --> 00:29:54,664
that he ends up lying on the cold cement
in a parking lot

411
00:29:54,788 --> 00:29:59,032
in one of the most wealthy counties
in the country.

412
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:18,355
The funeral for Superior Judge
Harold Haley was a major civic event.

413
00:30:18,445 --> 00:30:22,518
The cortege escorted by a detail of
60 police officers

414
00:30:22,582 --> 00:30:25,529
from cities all over the San Francisco Bay.

415
00:30:26,753 --> 00:30:29,859
Judge Haley, after all, was a prominent man.

416
00:30:29,923 --> 00:30:33,798
And his death deeply shocked
and angered his peers.

417
00:30:33,860 --> 00:30:36,668
His kidnappers,
they described as hoodlums,

418
00:30:36,730 --> 00:30:39,142
who called themselves revolutionaries.

419
00:30:42,769 --> 00:30:47,309
Across the Bay in Oakland, there was
another funeral for Jonathan Jackson,

420
00:30:47,707 --> 00:30:52,452
the young Panther who was supposed to
have staged the bloody kidnap attempt.

421
00:30:53,580 --> 00:30:56,993
I, and my husband,
we went to Jonathan's funeral.

422
00:30:57,817 --> 00:31:01,230
Everybody in their Sunday best,
many people weeping.

423
00:31:02,222 --> 00:31:06,295
When they brought the casket out,
and Mrs. Jackson followed,

424
00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:10,440
people holding her up
and a handkerchief to her face.

425
00:31:12,332 --> 00:31:15,779
And it said to me, what he had done
represented something.

426
00:31:16,303 --> 00:31:18,585
'Cause that was thousands
and thousands of people

427
00:31:18,647 --> 00:31:19,547
out there in the street.

428
00:31:19,639 --> 00:31:22,916
Nobody organized that. People just came.

429
00:31:27,047 --> 00:31:31,723
While we were standing there,
Franklin comes up, Franklin Alexander.

430
00:31:31,952 --> 00:31:35,293
We were standing in such a way
that he was next to us,

431
00:31:35,355 --> 00:31:38,029
but looking straight,
as though he wasn't talking to us.

432
00:31:38,191 --> 00:31:43,038
And he said, "Angela's been implicated."
And he said, "She's gone underground."

433
00:31:43,430 --> 00:31:45,703
And he said, "I'm just, you know,
letting you know. Okay?"

434
00:31:45,765 --> 00:31:48,974
We said, "Okay."
And then he disappeared into the crowd.

435
00:31:53,073 --> 00:31:56,611
Today, it turned out that two of the guns
used in the courtroom

436
00:31:56,676 --> 00:31:59,714
were bought some time ago
by Angela Davis.

437
00:32:00,247 --> 00:32:01,749
It was clear

438
00:32:01,815 --> 00:32:08,699
that that was not the time to make
myself available to the police for arrest.

439
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:23,675
Mr. Alexander, you say that
you are the chairman

440
00:32:23,737 --> 00:32:26,477
of the Che Lumumba Club
of the Communist Party?

441
00:32:26,539 --> 00:32:29,611
Miss Davis has identified herself
as a member of that group.

442
00:32:29,676 --> 00:32:31,015
She is a member of that group.

443
00:32:31,077 --> 00:32:34,018
Is it the doctrine of that club

444
00:32:34,080 --> 00:32:37,289
to use guns for black liberation?

445
00:32:37,384 --> 00:32:40,627
It is the doctrine of the Communist Party

446
00:32:40,787 --> 00:32:43,961
that black people, that all people

447
00:32:44,057 --> 00:32:47,402
have the right to defend themselves
and their homes.

448
00:32:47,794 --> 00:32:49,534
When asked by a reporter,

449
00:32:49,596 --> 00:32:52,937
"What would you tell Angela Davis
if you could speak with her today?",

450
00:32:52,999 --> 00:32:56,412
he smiled and said simply,
"I love you, baby."

451
00:32:56,670 --> 00:32:59,241
"You wouldn't tell her to give herself up,"
he was asked.

452
00:32:59,306 --> 00:33:03,516
And he repeated, "I would tell her,
'I love you, baby.' Nothing more."

453
00:33:10,583 --> 00:33:13,524
The FBI has put black militant Angela Davis

454
00:33:13,586 --> 00:33:15,691
on its list of the 10 most wanted fugitives.

455
00:33:15,889 --> 00:33:17,960
She's charged with murder in California,

456
00:33:18,058 --> 00:33:19,836
where authorities say
she bought weapons

457
00:33:19,898 --> 00:33:22,098
for that San Rafael courtroom shootout.

458
00:33:24,698 --> 00:33:26,541
Hoover put her on the top 10.

459
00:33:27,033 --> 00:33:30,173
The key to the top 10,
she was a communist.

460
00:33:30,770 --> 00:33:32,772
They were not his favorite people.

461
00:33:33,540 --> 00:33:35,247
And if you were on the top 10,

462
00:33:36,176 --> 00:33:37,849
you're gonna get a lot of attention.

463
00:33:40,380 --> 00:33:45,123
We were devastated, you know.
In our gut, we had to know

464
00:33:45,185 --> 00:33:46,958
there was something wrong here,

465
00:33:47,020 --> 00:33:52,493
that this could not possibly be anything
Angela would be involved in.

466
00:33:52,959 --> 00:33:54,632
Not the Angela we knew.

467
00:33:54,828 --> 00:33:56,000
It couldn't be her.

468
00:34:00,500 --> 00:34:05,877
Anyone involved in planning a violent
operation like Jonathan Jackson's,

469
00:34:05,939 --> 00:34:07,543
that was on a need-to-know basis.

470
00:34:07,607 --> 00:34:09,280
So, only certain people would know.

471
00:34:10,410 --> 00:34:13,880
You would think that somebody
with an advanced degree,

472
00:34:14,013 --> 00:34:16,186
particularly someone
who had a public profile,

473
00:34:16,249 --> 00:34:17,794
would be the last person

474
00:34:17,856 --> 00:34:20,756
who would want to use
those weapons in an illegal act.

475
00:34:22,155 --> 00:34:26,626
On a truly common sense perspective,
it doesn't make sense.

476
00:34:28,795 --> 00:34:30,240
But on the other hand,

477
00:34:32,332 --> 00:34:33,902
crazy shit happens.

478
00:34:37,070 --> 00:34:38,606
What is the evidence?

479
00:34:39,406 --> 00:34:43,650
The evidence is
that Angela Davis purchased four guns.

480
00:34:43,877 --> 00:34:45,616
There was a provision in the penal code

481
00:34:45,678 --> 00:34:50,127
that anybody in this state could buy as
many guns as he or she wanted to buy.

482
00:34:50,984 --> 00:34:52,824
And that's the law of the state of California.

483
00:34:53,653 --> 00:34:56,099
And because Governor Reagan
wanted it that way,

484
00:34:57,524 --> 00:34:59,504
Angela Davis bought four guns.

485
00:35:03,930 --> 00:35:05,238
And why did she buy them?

486
00:35:06,499 --> 00:35:08,206
I don't know and you don't know.

487
00:35:08,902 --> 00:35:11,075
But it is reasonable to suppose

488
00:35:11,337 --> 00:35:14,443
that anybody who teaches
at this institution and who speaks up

489
00:35:16,543 --> 00:35:18,079
for power to the people,

490
00:35:18,311 --> 00:35:20,685
who speaks up for
the freedom of political prisoners,

491
00:35:20,747 --> 00:35:23,921
who speaks out on any issue
receives every week...

492
00:35:23,983 --> 00:35:26,758
I receive every week, letters,

493
00:35:26,820 --> 00:35:30,666
and the theme and tone
of those letters ranges from

494
00:35:31,057 --> 00:35:34,504
violent and vicious imprecations
to outright threats of death.

495
00:35:35,829 --> 00:35:37,274
And for Angela Davis,

496
00:35:37,797 --> 00:35:39,777
whose prominence as a black woman

497
00:35:40,166 --> 00:35:44,342
and a communist, that mail came every day.

498
00:35:45,438 --> 00:35:47,281
And there were threats on her life.

499
00:35:48,041 --> 00:35:49,850
And she bought four guns.

500
00:35:55,348 --> 00:35:58,222
The FBI and the police descended
on the black communities

501
00:35:58,284 --> 00:36:00,628
all over the country and began pulling in

502
00:36:00,753 --> 00:36:03,825
any young, tall, black woman
with a space between her teeth.

503
00:36:04,224 --> 00:36:06,135
'Cause they just had
this general description.

504
00:36:09,796 --> 00:36:11,571
We had her fingerprints and a photograph

505
00:36:11,965 --> 00:36:13,808
of a girl with a big afro.

506
00:36:14,267 --> 00:36:17,976
And every office gets
a box full of those things.

507
00:36:20,607 --> 00:36:23,520
There were unmarked cars
parked across the street.

508
00:36:23,610 --> 00:36:27,786
I knew then, this was the FBI
and that we were under surveillance.

509
00:36:28,014 --> 00:36:30,517
So many hundreds
of black women with big afros

510
00:36:30,583 --> 00:36:32,563
were stopped on suspicion
of being Angela Davis.

511
00:36:52,138 --> 00:36:56,553
I decided that I did not
want to flee the country.

512
00:36:57,010 --> 00:37:02,426
Because, certainly,
if I had decided to travel to Cuba

513
00:37:02,549 --> 00:37:04,856
or some other country
that would have given me asylum,

514
00:37:04,918 --> 00:37:08,593
and I probably could have gotten asylum
from any number of countries,

515
00:37:08,955 --> 00:37:10,835
I would have been there
for the rest of my life.

516
00:37:19,165 --> 00:37:21,639
I flew from Las Vegas to Chicago,

517
00:37:21,701 --> 00:37:25,171
where I managed to hook up
with David Poindexter.

518
00:37:25,572 --> 00:37:30,351
David was the person
who helped me for the remaining period.

519
00:37:32,545 --> 00:37:34,183
The search for Angela Davis

520
00:37:34,347 --> 00:37:38,022
has spread from Los Angeles,
through the Bay Area, through Canada,

521
00:37:38,084 --> 00:37:41,190
to a series of raids
in her hometown of Birmingham

522
00:37:41,387 --> 00:37:44,561
after a US district court judge
issued the fugitive warrants

523
00:37:44,624 --> 00:37:47,195
and set bail at $100,000.

524
00:37:50,830 --> 00:37:52,935
The attitude in the Bureau was,

525
00:37:53,366 --> 00:37:56,108
the only way you're gonna solve
anything is to have an informant.

526
00:37:59,505 --> 00:38:03,248
And we used to think most of
the Communist Party members are FBI.

527
00:38:03,676 --> 00:38:07,351
It was thoroughly, thoroughly infiltrated.

528
00:38:08,581 --> 00:38:10,959
A file was opened up in every office.

529
00:38:11,217 --> 00:38:13,060
Everybody had a file on her.

530
00:38:44,550 --> 00:38:46,457
I stayed at David's apartment,

531
00:38:46,519 --> 00:38:49,523
and then had to leave
because he had gotten into

532
00:38:49,589 --> 00:38:52,263
an argument with one of his friends
who lived in the building.

533
00:38:52,325 --> 00:38:55,633
And we were afraid
that this person might reveal

534
00:38:55,695 --> 00:38:59,302
that I was with him
if the FBI ever questioned him.

535
00:39:00,867 --> 00:39:02,673
So we traveled to Miami,

536
00:39:02,735 --> 00:39:08,048
and I was holed up in Miami for
what seemed like an eternity.

537
00:39:20,153 --> 00:39:21,655
I was pretty scared.

538
00:39:22,655 --> 00:39:27,729
At any moment, I felt
I was on the verge of being caught.

539
00:39:28,428 --> 00:39:31,466
I had this fear with me all the time.

540
00:39:36,202 --> 00:39:40,776
I thought a lot about
the people I had left behind,

541
00:39:40,840 --> 00:39:44,185
my family, of course.
I worried about my mother.

542
00:39:44,444 --> 00:39:46,417
I worried about my siblings,

543
00:39:46,479 --> 00:39:49,153
I worried about my friends, my comrades.

544
00:39:50,416 --> 00:39:53,324
And every strange noise I heard

545
00:39:53,386 --> 00:39:55,764
I interpreted as, "The cops are coming.

546
00:39:56,255 --> 00:39:59,259
"The FBI is knocking on the door."

547
00:40:05,498 --> 00:40:08,843
And then the Alexander girl's name
comes into it, and they talked to her.

548
00:40:11,571 --> 00:40:14,950
She wasn't helpful,
but nor was she antagonistic.

549
00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:19,283
It was determined
that she had been in Chicago

550
00:40:19,345 --> 00:40:21,347
with David Poindexter.

551
00:40:21,748 --> 00:40:25,589
And there is some stuff
in there about David's woman,

552
00:40:25,651 --> 00:40:26,652
she was jealous.

553
00:40:26,853 --> 00:40:29,129
And she told us some things, that they were

554
00:40:29,922 --> 00:40:32,698
there and they headed to Florida.

555
00:40:37,463 --> 00:40:40,808
Once we identified the car,
and Chicago did that,

556
00:40:40,933 --> 00:40:42,606
now we knew what we were looking for.

557
00:40:44,804 --> 00:40:46,977
Sooner or later, we're gonna find that car.

558
00:40:48,407 --> 00:40:51,251
And they located one place
where the guy thought

559
00:40:51,344 --> 00:40:53,150
that they might have been here.

560
00:40:53,212 --> 00:40:54,919
But the girl didn't look like her.

561
00:40:56,949 --> 00:41:00,453
They questioned his mother
who lived in Florida,

562
00:41:00,620 --> 00:41:02,190
which meant we had to leave Florida.

563
00:41:08,094 --> 00:41:10,096
They had vacated the apartment,

564
00:41:10,429 --> 00:41:13,740
and the agents went in there
and they looked all around.

565
00:41:15,868 --> 00:41:19,873
And in the cushions of the couch,

566
00:41:20,306 --> 00:41:24,379
they found an exposed roll of 35mm film,

567
00:41:24,443 --> 00:41:26,889
which becomes a big thing in this case.

568
00:41:29,315 --> 00:41:31,625
Now, they were all pictures of Angela,

569
00:41:32,418 --> 00:41:33,920
but she doesn't have an afro.

570
00:41:34,020 --> 00:41:35,590
She's got a little pixie cut.

571
00:41:40,693 --> 00:41:42,866
They had vacated the apartment,

572
00:41:42,929 --> 00:41:44,909
and they were traveling north.

573
00:41:45,097 --> 00:41:48,704
The best place to hide in this world
is right over there,

574
00:41:48,801 --> 00:41:49,973
New York City.

575
00:41:54,173 --> 00:41:57,450
We were actually, very rapidly,
running out of money.

576
00:41:58,444 --> 00:42:00,583
So we were staying at the Howard Johnson,

577
00:42:00,646 --> 00:42:03,456
because that was the only thing
we could afford.

578
00:42:04,483 --> 00:42:08,932
And I actually had a palpable sense
of the FBI closing in.

579
00:42:16,963 --> 00:42:21,742
So we, in New York, started
a detailed search of everything.

580
00:42:22,001 --> 00:42:24,709
We did LaGuardia and JFK

581
00:42:24,871 --> 00:42:28,341
and all the commercial
parking lots in Manhattan.

582
00:42:28,941 --> 00:42:33,083
Lo and behold, we got a call one morning
and they said, "We found the car."

583
00:42:33,279 --> 00:42:36,055
"Come on. Stop this nonsense now."

584
00:42:36,282 --> 00:42:40,321
"No, it's in the Howard Johnson's
parking lot."

585
00:42:42,421 --> 00:42:44,094
We head out for Howard Johnson's,

586
00:42:44,156 --> 00:42:47,498
we talked to the guy behind the counter
and we showed him the picture.

587
00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:50,131
He said, "Yeah, I checked them in."

588
00:42:50,496 --> 00:42:52,256
This is like something
Hollywood would write.

589
00:42:53,566 --> 00:42:55,045
Everything was falling into place.

590
00:43:00,473 --> 00:43:03,682
A couple of minutes later,
we hear the elevator door open.

591
00:43:03,943 --> 00:43:06,389
And you could hear them
walking down the hallway.

592
00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:10,017
I handcuffed her
before she even turned around.

593
00:43:11,250 --> 00:43:13,730
She didn't react to it at all.

594
00:43:15,187 --> 00:43:16,894
She was a little

595
00:43:18,157 --> 00:43:21,570
taken back when I said,
"I got to lift your upper lip."

596
00:43:25,998 --> 00:43:27,841
And I said, "I'm looking for that gap."

597
00:43:30,036 --> 00:43:32,482
They snatched the wig off of my head.

598
00:43:33,306 --> 00:43:35,012
They kept repeating, over and over again,

599
00:43:35,074 --> 00:43:37,782
"Are you Angela Davis?
Are you Angela Davis?"

600
00:43:39,645 --> 00:43:41,955
I did not say, "Yes, " I did not say, "No,"

601
00:43:42,248 --> 00:43:43,886
I didn't say anything at all.

602
00:43:45,084 --> 00:43:47,394
I only requested my telephone calls.

603
00:43:50,690 --> 00:43:52,805
Black revolutionary,
Angela Davis,

604
00:43:52,867 --> 00:43:55,366
appeared without her
distinctive afro hairdo,

605
00:43:55,428 --> 00:43:59,103
as she was arraigned in New York City
today as a fugitive from justice.

606
00:44:07,273 --> 00:44:10,117
Secretary General, Secretary Kennedy
and ladies and gentlemen,

607
00:44:11,277 --> 00:44:14,781
the purpose of my coming
to the Department of Justice today

608
00:44:15,915 --> 00:44:18,418
in this great hall, is to sign
the Organized Crime Bill.

609
00:44:18,851 --> 00:44:23,527
I think that the actions of the FBI
in apprehending Angela Davis,

610
00:44:23,889 --> 00:44:27,462
a rather remarkable story again

611
00:44:27,526 --> 00:44:31,975
in the long history of remarkable stories
of apprehensions by the FBI,

612
00:44:32,264 --> 00:44:35,302
is an indication that once
the federal government,

613
00:44:35,368 --> 00:44:38,075
through the FBI, moves into an area,

614
00:44:38,137 --> 00:44:40,577
we shall see to it that those

615
00:44:40,639 --> 00:44:43,779
who engage in such terroristic acts
are brought to justice.

616
00:44:46,012 --> 00:44:48,253
Free Angela Davis!
No extradition!

617
00:44:48,381 --> 00:44:52,156
Free Angela Davis!
No extradition!

618
00:44:52,218 --> 00:44:53,754
Free Angela Davis!

619
00:44:54,353 --> 00:44:55,726
And therefore, the whole question...

620
00:44:55,788 --> 00:44:58,894
People say, "Why didn't
Angela Davis give herself up?"

621
00:44:58,958 --> 00:45:02,166
The question of getting a fair trial
is a real difficult and serious

622
00:45:02,228 --> 00:45:03,605
problem for black Americans.

623
00:45:03,929 --> 00:45:06,737
And therefore, I think she has
certainly the right to try and pick

624
00:45:06,799 --> 00:45:10,110
the moment when
she can get closest to a fair trial.

625
00:45:10,970 --> 00:45:13,677
The most important point
that should be remembered

626
00:45:13,739 --> 00:45:18,148
is that Angela Davis
has been publicly indicted by the FBI.

627
00:45:18,210 --> 00:45:20,651
She's been put on the 10 Most Wanted list.

628
00:45:20,713 --> 00:45:24,286
Her picture has been
placed in all post offices,

629
00:45:24,483 --> 00:45:27,896
and this has given a license to racists...

630
00:45:28,020 --> 00:45:32,264
Ma'am, when she knew she was wanted,
why didn't she turn herself in?

631
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:38,672
Well, I don't know. Would you turn
yourself over to a pack of wolves?

632
00:45:44,537 --> 00:45:46,676
I went to New York almost immediately.

633
00:45:46,739 --> 00:45:50,312
She was arrested on October 13th,
and I think I flew out the next day.

634
00:45:51,210 --> 00:45:53,212
She was in the Women's
House of Detention.

635
00:45:54,747 --> 00:45:58,559
She was exhausted and gaunt and very pale.

636
00:45:59,485 --> 00:46:01,658
But she was already focused on her defense

637
00:46:01,787 --> 00:46:03,232
and on what needed to be done.

638
00:46:06,058 --> 00:46:08,197
I was in solitary confinement

639
00:46:08,260 --> 00:46:13,869
after they had placed me in the ward
for people with psychological disorders.

640
00:46:15,034 --> 00:46:17,007
I had been doing all of this work on prisons,

641
00:46:17,069 --> 00:46:20,573
I had been doing all this work
to free political prisoners,

642
00:46:20,639 --> 00:46:26,282
but I hadn't really thought about what
it meant to be a woman behind bars.

643
00:46:31,016 --> 00:46:33,018
Fania, when did you last see your sister?

644
00:46:33,319 --> 00:46:37,859
I saw her last night at around 8:00 or 9:00.

645
00:46:38,157 --> 00:46:41,565
You had a pretty bourgeois
and comfortable childhood,

646
00:46:41,627 --> 00:46:43,265
and so did she, in Birmingham.

647
00:46:43,896 --> 00:46:47,844
Can you trace the development
of someone from that kind of background

648
00:46:48,067 --> 00:46:50,809
into a revolutionary and Marxist person?

649
00:46:51,170 --> 00:46:54,549
I see in her life
the makings of a revolutionary.

650
00:46:55,641 --> 00:46:58,554
I don't see in her life the makings
of a personal tragedy,

651
00:46:59,578 --> 00:47:01,285
of a good girl gone wrong.

652
00:47:02,181 --> 00:47:03,785
Her life in the South,

653
00:47:03,949 --> 00:47:06,327
her experience with
white people in the North,

654
00:47:06,752 --> 00:47:10,027
all that to me would go into the makings
of what she is now.

655
00:47:10,089 --> 00:47:11,659
And that is a revolutionary.

656
00:47:11,757 --> 00:47:16,001
And Angela's education
is now being put into practice.

657
00:47:17,763 --> 00:47:21,142
And that's a raison d'etre for her education.

658
00:47:30,309 --> 00:47:31,845
We challenged extradition.

659
00:47:32,244 --> 00:47:34,850
We took this all the way up
to the US Supreme Court.

660
00:47:38,651 --> 00:47:42,531
And so, when at about 2:00
or 3:00 in the morning,

661
00:47:42,621 --> 00:47:47,195
guards came to my cell
informing me that my attorney

662
00:47:47,259 --> 00:47:51,674
wanted to speak to me about extradition,
it made sense.

663
00:47:52,531 --> 00:47:54,306
But they had other plans.

664
00:47:58,103 --> 00:47:59,776
I ended up being pushed down on the floor,

665
00:47:59,838 --> 00:48:03,012
they got my hands handcuffed
behind my back.

666
00:48:03,642 --> 00:48:07,283
And then took me outside
and placed me in a car.

667
00:48:08,514 --> 00:48:10,619
I kept asking, "Where are we going?"

668
00:48:10,683 --> 00:48:12,663
No one would say anything.

669
00:48:13,519 --> 00:48:15,157
And this long caravan

670
00:48:15,287 --> 00:48:17,392
began to drive through
the streets of New York.

671
00:48:39,878 --> 00:48:44,156
I was totally shocked to discover,
in the middle of the night,

672
00:48:44,283 --> 00:48:48,732
this National Guard plane
surrounded by soldiers.

673
00:48:50,456 --> 00:48:52,299
And I remember saying to myself

674
00:48:52,458 --> 00:48:54,529
"I had better be very careful,

675
00:48:54,693 --> 00:48:57,071
"because if I so much as stumble,

676
00:48:57,296 --> 00:49:02,336
"they will probably open fire on me
and that will be the end."

677
00:49:08,340 --> 00:49:11,378
Angela Davis was arraigned
in the same San Rafael civic center

678
00:49:11,443 --> 00:49:13,717
where last summer
a district judge was killed

679
00:49:13,779 --> 00:49:15,588
in an aborted kidnap attempt.

680
00:49:16,115 --> 00:49:18,288
Security precautions were extraordinary.

681
00:49:18,384 --> 00:49:20,591
Each spectator carefully
searched for weapons.

682
00:49:20,886 --> 00:49:24,197
There has been one bomb explosion
and innumerable bomb scares

683
00:49:24,323 --> 00:49:26,325
here in the months since
the judge's murder.

684
00:49:26,759 --> 00:49:28,432
Miss Davis entered the courtroom,

685
00:49:28,627 --> 00:49:30,971
turned and gave
a Black Power salute to the gallery

686
00:49:31,130 --> 00:49:33,633
composed mostly of newsmen,
and sat down

687
00:49:33,699 --> 00:49:35,906
next to her two temporary lawyers.

688
00:49:36,268 --> 00:49:37,574
Judge E. Warren McGuire

689
00:49:37,636 --> 00:49:39,809
ordered a copy of the charge
delivered to her

690
00:49:39,938 --> 00:49:42,942
and advised her of her rights
to an attorney and to a jury trial.

691
00:49:44,610 --> 00:49:49,184
When the Attorney General arraigned me
in California after the extradition,

692
00:49:49,248 --> 00:49:52,089
he indicated that he wanted
the death penalty

693
00:49:52,151 --> 00:49:53,596
on each of the three charges.

694
00:49:53,719 --> 00:49:56,791
So he wanted the death penalty three times.

695
00:49:58,223 --> 00:50:01,534
That made me realize how serious they were.

696
00:50:02,094 --> 00:50:05,439
And again, it made me realize
that it wasn't about me

697
00:50:06,165 --> 00:50:09,146
because, first of all,
I couldn't be killed three times.

698
00:50:09,835 --> 00:50:14,113
It was about the construction
of this imaginary enemy,

699
00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:18,850
and I was the embodiment of that enemy.

700
00:50:20,979 --> 00:50:23,152
- Angela must be free!
- Now!

701
00:50:23,215 --> 00:50:24,521
- Angela must be free!
- Now!

702
00:50:24,583 --> 00:50:27,120
We had a nice long visit with Angela.

703
00:50:27,553 --> 00:50:31,330
And she's in very high spirits.
She's feeling good.

704
00:50:31,757 --> 00:50:32,758
Right on.

705
00:50:32,958 --> 00:50:34,801
She's feeling good because she knows

706
00:50:35,761 --> 00:50:39,265
that the movement to free all
political prisoners is growing every day.

707
00:50:39,898 --> 00:50:41,638
That's what makes her feel good.

708
00:50:41,700 --> 00:50:46,274
As long as we have people
like you fighting to free Angela,

709
00:50:46,338 --> 00:50:48,245
- he'll be free. All power to the people.
- Right on.

710
00:50:48,307 --> 00:50:49,308
Right on!

711
00:50:50,175 --> 00:50:51,677
Free Angela!

712
00:50:51,744 --> 00:50:53,883
Free Angela! Free Angela!

713
00:50:54,279 --> 00:50:56,350
Free Angela! Free Angela!

714
00:50:56,515 --> 00:50:58,358
Free Angela! Free Angela!

715
00:51:00,686 --> 00:51:02,426
- What do we want?
- Freedom!

716
00:51:02,488 --> 00:51:04,161
- For who?
- Angela!

717
00:51:04,223 --> 00:51:05,725
- When?
- Now!

718
00:51:05,791 --> 00:51:07,429
We know that she is innocent,

719
00:51:07,526 --> 00:51:11,167
and the entire family,
along with many other people,

720
00:51:11,230 --> 00:51:14,040
will be fighting for her freedom.

721
00:51:24,343 --> 00:51:27,187
We're not just sitting by letting this happen.

722
00:51:27,513 --> 00:51:30,824
We'd already formed
a defense committee for Angela.

723
00:51:32,851 --> 00:51:36,355
We called ourselves, "The National
United Committee to Free Angela Davis

724
00:51:36,422 --> 00:51:37,761
"and All Political Prisoners."

725
00:51:37,823 --> 00:51:40,360
She insisted on "All Political Prisoners."

726
00:51:41,794 --> 00:51:43,865
Free Angela and All Political Prisoners.

727
00:51:44,229 --> 00:51:46,835
We had connections and people
in the Trade Union Movement

728
00:51:46,899 --> 00:51:49,470
and the churches, we were able to go

729
00:51:49,768 --> 00:51:52,305
and say, "Will you support a resolution

730
00:51:52,638 --> 00:51:54,845
"for Angela Davis to be released on bail?"

731
00:51:55,507 --> 00:51:56,847
And they might say yes or no,

732
00:51:56,909 --> 00:52:00,618
but they'd say,
"Persuade us. Come in and talk to us."

733
00:52:01,747 --> 00:52:03,220
It was actually Henry Winston,

734
00:52:03,282 --> 00:52:05,188
who was National Chairman
of the Communist Party,

735
00:52:05,250 --> 00:52:06,991
he said, "Campaign for bail."

736
00:52:07,119 --> 00:52:08,959
I went like, looking at him,
"What, are you nuts?

737
00:52:09,021 --> 00:52:10,360
"No way we campaign for bail."

738
00:52:10,422 --> 00:52:12,662
The President of the United States
made a public statement

739
00:52:12,724 --> 00:52:14,464
in which he congratulates
the FBI on the capture

740
00:52:14,526 --> 00:52:16,699
of the "dangerous terrorist,"
Angela Davis.

741
00:52:16,762 --> 00:52:18,435
That's a quote. "Dangerous terrorist."

742
00:52:18,497 --> 00:52:19,736
He was saying, "Campaign for bail."

743
00:52:19,798 --> 00:52:21,671
We'd say, "Campaign for bail?"

744
00:52:21,733 --> 00:52:24,213
President of the United States...
He says, "Campaign for bail."

745
00:52:24,369 --> 00:52:26,440
That man was a genius.
He was a tactical genius,

746
00:52:26,505 --> 00:52:30,043
because people would sign petitions for bail

747
00:52:30,108 --> 00:52:31,548
who may have thought she was guilty,

748
00:52:31,610 --> 00:52:34,921
but believed that she
was entitled to a fair trial.

749
00:52:35,747 --> 00:52:39,058
Charlene Mitchell, who was the brain
behind the whole

750
00:52:40,686 --> 00:52:43,030
National United Committee
to Free Angela Davis.

751
00:52:43,188 --> 00:52:47,068
I didn't know the first thing about
organizing movements, but Charlene did.

752
00:52:48,093 --> 00:52:50,471
All of our efforts and all of our energies

753
00:52:50,963 --> 00:52:54,410
had to be focused
on getting her out of there.

754
00:52:56,168 --> 00:52:58,671
Politically, I saw this case as a bellwether.

755
00:52:59,271 --> 00:53:00,944
They are not going to kill her.

756
00:53:01,507 --> 00:53:03,480
They're not going to imprison her,
we're going to free her.

757
00:53:03,542 --> 00:53:05,180
We're gonna win her freedom.

758
00:53:21,360 --> 00:53:23,772
I was in solitary confinement,

759
00:53:24,296 --> 00:53:27,038
some distance from where

760
00:53:27,633 --> 00:53:30,011
the majority of women were kept.

761
00:53:33,405 --> 00:53:35,851
It was lonely, very lonely.

762
00:53:38,443 --> 00:53:40,889
I read a lot. I wrote a lot.

763
00:53:42,147 --> 00:53:47,153
I followed the examples
of other prisoners, such as George.

764
00:53:48,587 --> 00:53:51,295
I was able to create

765
00:53:52,190 --> 00:53:56,138
a certain sphere of freedom, you might say,

766
00:53:56,395 --> 00:54:00,036
within the context of that confinement.

767
00:54:01,700 --> 00:54:04,340
Well, I suppose as far as you're concerned,

768
00:54:04,469 --> 00:54:07,177
it's no surprise
that you're in solitary confinement.

769
00:54:07,239 --> 00:54:10,914
And I'm wondering what kind of
shock that has been to your sensibilities,

770
00:54:10,976 --> 00:54:12,249
to your emotions?

771
00:54:12,311 --> 00:54:14,518
But see, I understood

772
00:54:15,514 --> 00:54:18,427
very well that the reason why

773
00:54:18,750 --> 00:54:20,752
the Marin County officials

774
00:54:21,086 --> 00:54:24,795
would not permit me to talk
to any other woman in that jail

775
00:54:24,990 --> 00:54:26,663
was because they wanted to break me.

776
00:54:26,925 --> 00:54:29,064
They wanted me to respond in that way.

777
00:54:29,294 --> 00:54:33,709
They wanted me to feel
the burden of the solitude,

778
00:54:34,633 --> 00:54:37,204
and I just had to make up my mind

779
00:54:37,269 --> 00:54:40,273
that I was not going to
let it affect me that way.

780
00:54:41,039 --> 00:54:45,112
I think that what George Jackson said about

781
00:54:46,411 --> 00:54:48,687
life in prison is very appropriate here.

782
00:54:48,780 --> 00:54:55,527
He says that prison either breaks
a person or makes the person stronger.

783
00:54:56,555 --> 00:54:59,058
And I would like to think

784
00:54:59,124 --> 00:55:04,335
that I have become stronger
during this experience.

785
00:55:07,232 --> 00:55:10,206
My emotional relationship with George

786
00:55:10,268 --> 00:55:13,477
became far more intense
when I was behind bars.

787
00:55:14,973 --> 00:55:16,850
Part of that passion

788
00:55:18,210 --> 00:55:19,814
consisted in

789
00:55:20,145 --> 00:55:25,424
our being able to imagine ourselves
as comrades

790
00:55:26,551 --> 00:55:29,532
helping to usher in a new world.

791
00:55:30,122 --> 00:55:31,624
When she was in prison

792
00:55:32,024 --> 00:55:35,096
and when George was in prison,
they had the opportunity to meet.

793
00:55:35,727 --> 00:55:38,468
We met for a period of time,
we had discussions

794
00:55:38,530 --> 00:55:42,103
and the type of things that you discuss
when you have a legal meeting.

795
00:55:42,467 --> 00:55:45,710
And then Angela and George had met

796
00:55:45,804 --> 00:55:47,806
separately to discuss things

797
00:55:47,873 --> 00:55:50,547
that only the two of them wanted
to discuss with each other.

798
00:55:53,278 --> 00:55:55,519
It was a meeting that was

799
00:55:55,714 --> 00:55:59,423
really complicated and full of
all kinds of emotions and feelings.

800
00:56:03,922 --> 00:56:05,424
She's been locked up.

801
00:56:05,490 --> 00:56:08,994
And if she's had the opportunity
to do some hugging and kissing, right on.

802
00:56:09,995 --> 00:56:12,566
That's my theory.

803
00:56:55,073 --> 00:56:57,815
Those were the years
of the black revolution.

804
00:56:58,043 --> 00:57:00,489
Everybody wanted to organize.

805
00:57:00,579 --> 00:57:05,388
And your organization,
the first thing of it was, it was black.

806
00:57:05,450 --> 00:57:08,191
Black teachers, black doctors,
black lawyers.

807
00:57:08,253 --> 00:57:10,563
Black people who were professionals.

808
00:57:10,756 --> 00:57:13,862
Black people who had done
everything that the system says,

809
00:57:14,159 --> 00:57:16,332
they were, now.

810
00:57:17,395 --> 00:57:19,466
I thought it was important strategically

811
00:57:19,531 --> 00:57:23,536
for a black attorney to be the public face

812
00:57:23,602 --> 00:57:25,946
of a political prisoner at trial.

813
00:57:27,005 --> 00:57:28,878
We wanted to present to the world

814
00:57:28,940 --> 00:57:30,977
the picture of African-American lawyers

815
00:57:31,042 --> 00:57:34,512
performing at a very high level
on a worldwide stage.

816
00:57:35,013 --> 00:57:38,324
And you have to understand the workings
of a racist judicial system,

817
00:57:38,950 --> 00:57:41,863
that the system
is in control of the white people.

818
00:57:42,754 --> 00:57:46,463
And white people don't take any risks
when it comes to black people.

819
00:57:47,025 --> 00:57:49,733
So, I don't think that
you're gonna find a jury

820
00:57:50,162 --> 00:57:53,041
who's going to have the courage
to do what's demanded of them.

821
00:57:57,702 --> 00:58:00,308
I don't know of any other
cases in the last century

822
00:58:00,605 --> 00:58:03,046
that presented that degree of difficulty.

823
00:58:03,108 --> 00:58:05,782
Where the courthouse
itself was a crime scene,

824
00:58:06,144 --> 00:58:10,854
and the judge, the prosecutor,
the jurors and witnesses were all victims.

825
00:58:19,157 --> 00:58:21,564
A big issue at the beginning of the case
was whether or not

826
00:58:21,626 --> 00:58:24,300
to sever the trials
of Angela Davis and Ruchell Magee.

827
00:58:25,430 --> 00:58:27,808
So he is the surviving
prisoner from August 7th.

828
00:58:28,033 --> 00:58:29,706
And he was being charged
with the same thing.

829
00:58:29,768 --> 00:58:30,845
First degree murder,

830
00:58:30,907 --> 00:58:33,307
first degree kidnapping
and conspiracy to commit both.

831
00:58:34,539 --> 00:58:38,851
There were those who wanted me
to be disassociated with Ruchell

832
00:58:39,277 --> 00:58:41,655
and felt that that was the best way

833
00:58:42,447 --> 00:58:44,688
to assert my innocence.

834
00:58:46,367 --> 00:58:49,143
I didn't want to disassociate myself.

835
00:58:49,564 --> 00:58:52,238
Ruchell argued it was like a slave rebellion.

836
00:58:52,334 --> 00:58:54,074
In a lot of ways, it probably was.

837
00:58:54,136 --> 00:58:57,010
It was, kind of this last ditch effort,

838
00:58:57,072 --> 00:59:01,851
some way to assert
some control over one's life.

839
00:59:03,411 --> 00:59:06,686
We had a big debate because we said,
"Look, Angela wasn't even there.

840
00:59:06,748 --> 00:59:10,195
"It's very prejudicial to her
to have him tried together with her.

841
00:59:10,285 --> 00:59:11,889
"She never even met the man."

842
00:59:12,387 --> 00:59:14,867
On the other hand,
we didn't want to abandon Ruchell.

843
00:59:15,957 --> 00:59:19,564
Miss Davis' attorneys asked the judge
to set her free on bail.

844
00:59:19,628 --> 00:59:23,474
But Magee objected,
saying it would prejudice his own case.

845
00:59:23,732 --> 00:59:25,750
Apparently, defendants Davis and Magee

846
00:59:25,812 --> 00:59:28,508
are at odds on each other's
defense tactics.

847
00:59:28,570 --> 00:59:29,843
The court denied bail,

848
00:59:29,905 --> 00:59:32,345
so both defendants
were sent back to their cells

849
00:59:32,407 --> 00:59:34,409
until a new judge is appointed.

850
00:59:34,576 --> 00:59:36,055
That could take several weeks.

851
00:59:42,284 --> 00:59:44,890
None of the judges in Marin County
were qualified,

852
00:59:44,953 --> 00:59:48,196
because Judge Haley was their colleague.

853
00:59:48,423 --> 00:59:52,064
So, the judicial council
then had to select a judge

854
00:59:52,694 --> 00:59:54,139
to try the case.

855
00:59:54,663 --> 00:59:58,839
Will you ever find a judge who can give
you a fair trial in your estimation?

856
00:59:59,100 --> 01:00:01,171
Well, we certainly
have got to search for one.

857
01:00:01,336 --> 01:00:03,907
We are sort of like Diogenes,
looking for the honest man.

858
01:00:03,972 --> 01:00:05,849
We're looking for an honest judge.

859
01:00:06,875 --> 01:00:09,849
The next judge who was assigned
was Judge Richard Arnason

860
01:00:09,911 --> 01:00:11,788
from Contra Costa County.

861
01:00:12,013 --> 01:00:13,820
And the first day he was on the bench,

862
01:00:13,882 --> 01:00:18,194
we reached the conclusion that this is
the judge that should have this case.

863
01:00:18,753 --> 01:00:21,700
'Cause he had an air about him

864
01:00:21,990 --> 01:00:25,698
that he would be fair,
he would make an effort to be fair,

865
01:00:25,760 --> 01:00:27,501
and that he would be in charge.

866
01:00:27,863 --> 01:00:30,275
I think that, perhaps,

867
01:00:30,665 --> 01:00:34,374
it would be much better to ask
somebody who has seen me

868
01:00:34,636 --> 01:00:38,448
in the years I've been on the bench,
what kind of a judge I am.

869
01:00:39,174 --> 01:00:42,448
Self-analysis has never been
very productive for anybody,

870
01:00:42,510 --> 01:00:44,512
and I'm not going to do it now at this time.

871
01:00:49,417 --> 01:00:52,296
Defense attorneys today asked
that the murder and kidnap indictments

872
01:00:52,387 --> 01:00:54,360
against Angela Davis be dismissed.

873
01:00:54,422 --> 01:00:57,562
"Because she's completely
innocent of these charges

874
01:00:57,626 --> 01:01:01,597
"and she's locked into a proceeding
that never gets started."

875
01:01:02,197 --> 01:01:05,371
The judge, the sixth
to hear the pre-trial motions,

876
01:01:05,634 --> 01:01:07,341
had already been charged with prejudice

877
01:01:07,435 --> 01:01:09,972
by Miss Davis' co-defendant Ruchell Magee.

878
01:01:10,305 --> 01:01:13,012
The judge said he would proceed
no further with the case

879
01:01:13,074 --> 01:01:16,214
until the prejudice challenge
was ruled on by another judge.

880
01:01:21,883 --> 01:01:26,326
Finally, I realized that
the case needed to be tried.

881
01:01:26,388 --> 01:01:28,026
It needed to be tried soon.

882
01:01:28,523 --> 01:01:31,595
And that was because
the organizing was at its peak.

883
01:01:31,693 --> 01:01:35,266
And if we got involved
in all of these other motions

884
01:01:35,497 --> 01:01:37,477
and motion for removal...

885
01:01:37,699 --> 01:01:40,073
It might be five years
before the trial took place,

886
01:01:40,135 --> 01:01:42,137
and I didn't want to do that.

887
01:01:42,871 --> 01:01:45,750
So I reluctantly

888
01:01:50,612 --> 01:01:52,091
decided that...

889
01:01:53,949 --> 01:01:56,793
Ruchell was intransigent
on this idea of removal.

890
01:02:06,027 --> 01:02:08,507
There were Communist Parties
everywhere in the world.

891
01:02:11,066 --> 01:02:13,907
And they launched campaigns,
which very quickly

892
01:02:13,969 --> 01:02:16,677
mushroomed into much, much larger
than themselves.

893
01:02:17,238 --> 01:02:19,809
There was enormous feeling
for Angela everywhere in the world.

894
01:02:23,078 --> 01:02:24,989
I was traveling around the world.

895
01:02:25,180 --> 01:02:27,990
I was in Moscow. I think I was in Leningrad.

896
01:02:28,350 --> 01:02:30,830
Kiev. I was in Poland.

897
01:02:31,186 --> 01:02:32,529
I was in Czechoslovakia

898
01:02:32,754 --> 01:02:34,527
and a number of different cities in Italy.

899
01:02:34,589 --> 01:02:36,466
West Germany and East Germany.

900
01:02:36,725 --> 01:02:38,631
So I was on the front lines

901
01:02:38,693 --> 01:02:41,936
with all the people who were demanding
the freedom for Angela Davis.

902
01:04:10,185 --> 01:04:13,689
These millions of people around
the world would not allow my sister

903
01:04:13,755 --> 01:04:17,066
to be convicted,
would not allow her to be executed.

904
01:04:18,893 --> 01:04:23,269
There were plays, and theater,
music being written about Angela Davis.

905
01:04:23,331 --> 01:04:28,576
It just created this irresistible wave,
this irresistible force.

906
01:04:28,937 --> 01:04:32,178
We want to tell that pharaoh in Washington

907
01:04:32,240 --> 01:04:34,846
to let Angela Davis go free.

908
01:04:38,346 --> 01:04:42,488
Nina Simone came and visited me
for a long time.

909
01:04:42,851 --> 01:04:45,798
She came in with a balloon,

910
01:04:46,955 --> 01:04:50,730
which the jailers did not
want to allow me to have,

911
01:04:50,792 --> 01:04:53,136
but I fought for that balloon

912
01:04:53,261 --> 01:04:55,138
because I love Nina Simone.

913
01:04:55,296 --> 01:04:59,403
I kept that balloon as long
as it remained inflated.

914
01:05:01,970 --> 01:05:07,352
Children of East Germany
wrote millions of letters to my sister.

915
01:05:09,043 --> 01:05:11,250
The mailman arriving every day with

916
01:05:11,379 --> 01:05:14,292
a huge sack of mail on his back.

917
01:05:14,716 --> 01:05:17,560
Just addressed to,
"Angela Davis, USA."

918
01:05:18,153 --> 01:05:23,466
This letter was written by a very,
very young child, apparently.

919
01:05:23,758 --> 01:05:25,294
And it says very simply,

920
01:05:25,360 --> 01:05:26,998
"Dear Angela Davis,

921
01:05:27,061 --> 01:05:29,837
"My name is Sarah.
I wish that you were free.

922
01:05:30,331 --> 01:05:33,706
"This is a picture of you
when you will be free.

923
01:05:33,768 --> 01:05:35,074
"Love, Sarah."

924
01:05:35,136 --> 01:05:38,674
And on the other side,
there's a picture that she's drawn.

925
01:05:38,740 --> 01:05:40,845
She says it's a picture of me.

926
01:05:40,909 --> 01:05:42,513
You see the smile on my face.

927
01:05:42,577 --> 01:05:46,957
I guess that's supposed to be
symbolic of freedom.

928
01:05:52,687 --> 01:05:56,931
Bettina and I were in the jail
with her in Marin.

929
01:05:57,091 --> 01:05:59,867
The prison guards came up
and told us that we had to leave.

930
01:06:00,094 --> 01:06:03,166
And everything was locked down.

931
01:06:03,231 --> 01:06:06,610
There was no movement in the prison
at all, not on the prison ground.

932
01:06:08,002 --> 01:06:09,575
As I was coming home, I heard on the radio

933
01:06:09,637 --> 01:06:11,577
there had been an outbreak at San Quentin,

934
01:06:11,639 --> 01:06:14,184
and George Jackson
was believed to have escaped

935
01:06:14,246 --> 01:06:16,146
and had been shot in the process.

936
01:06:19,447 --> 01:06:25,398
And I felt that it was my responsibility
to come back and tell Angela.

937
01:06:27,021 --> 01:06:29,194
And then it was Margaret and Howard

938
01:06:29,424 --> 01:06:31,665
who had told me that he had been killed.

939
01:06:33,394 --> 01:06:35,203
I didn't know the details.

940
01:06:36,064 --> 01:06:41,912
I had no idea what had happened,
except that he had been killed.

941
01:06:46,474 --> 01:06:51,321
He had said that he expected
that he would die in that way.

942
01:06:51,412 --> 01:06:54,586
He expected that he would probably

943
01:06:54,682 --> 01:06:57,253
be killed by the state.

944
01:06:57,318 --> 01:07:00,265
By guards, by police.

945
01:07:01,990 --> 01:07:06,063
I remember the scene in the cell
when I came back.

946
01:07:08,183 --> 01:07:09,992
She was just totally grief stricken.

947
01:07:11,399 --> 01:07:13,140
And inside that grief,

948
01:07:13,468 --> 01:07:16,876
again, I think true for Angela,
but true for anybody,

949
01:07:16,938 --> 01:07:19,384
is rage, just enormous rage.

950
01:07:19,474 --> 01:07:22,819
Rage at the system that you couldn't stop.

951
01:07:23,678 --> 01:07:26,284
What should we do? What should we do?
What should we do?

952
01:07:26,381 --> 01:07:30,124
And George's funeral which was enormous.

953
01:07:31,419 --> 01:07:35,959
And then picking ourselves up
and saying, "We have to go on."

954
01:07:44,565 --> 01:07:48,035
San Jose, California,
has changed over the last 20 years

955
01:07:48,102 --> 01:07:50,288
from a prosperous agricultural center

956
01:07:50,350 --> 01:07:52,945
to an urbanized extension
of San Francisco.

957
01:07:53,007 --> 01:07:56,545
Roughly 85% of the people
who live here are white.

958
01:07:56,611 --> 01:07:59,114
About 10% have Spanish surnames.

959
01:07:59,180 --> 01:08:01,023
And less than 2% are black.

960
01:08:01,282 --> 01:08:05,287
Over her objections,
it is the site for the trial of Angela Davis.

961
01:08:05,620 --> 01:08:08,108
I knew nothing about
San Jose, California,

962
01:08:08,170 --> 01:08:10,570
except the Dionne Warwick song.

963
01:08:10,958 --> 01:08:15,304
I came down and I thought
that it was Birmingham, Alabama.

964
01:08:16,030 --> 01:08:18,704
The only thing was
I didn't see any African Americans.

965
01:08:19,700 --> 01:08:23,509
The atmosphere, which often surrounds
much publicized trials,

966
01:08:23,571 --> 01:08:24,743
is beginning to build.

967
01:08:25,673 --> 01:08:28,677
More than 300 newsmen
have applied for credentials.

968
01:08:28,910 --> 01:08:30,616
Three-quarters of a million dollars

969
01:08:30,678 --> 01:08:33,887
has been spent on
security and facilities for the news media.

970
01:08:34,081 --> 01:08:38,996
Fences for crowd control, reconstruction
inside and outside the court building.

971
01:08:39,587 --> 01:08:44,263
The courtroom itself is small with only
60 seats for spectators and newsmen.

972
01:08:44,525 --> 01:08:47,900
Closed circuit television will
carry the proceedings to another building

973
01:08:47,962 --> 01:08:50,101
with room for 150 more.

974
01:08:50,298 --> 01:08:52,738
Questions from both sides
will only be answered

975
01:08:52,800 --> 01:08:56,142
as the evidence unfolds day by day
in the California courtroom,

976
01:08:56,204 --> 01:09:00,175
and the trial,
estimated to last six to nine months.

977
01:09:04,846 --> 01:09:07,952
Howard had been on the case from the start.

978
01:09:08,115 --> 01:09:11,028
I had a minimal role in the trial.

979
01:09:11,118 --> 01:09:13,859
I think I questioned one or two witnesses.

980
01:09:13,921 --> 01:09:19,963
I was there representing the party
and keeping an eye on the politics.

981
01:09:20,394 --> 01:09:24,342
And I told them that
I thought she would be convicted.

982
01:09:24,832 --> 01:09:30,043
I thought the crucial thing was getting
a different approach to the defense.

983
01:09:30,271 --> 01:09:33,445
And that's what Leo brought to the case.

984
01:09:34,075 --> 01:09:37,613
Leo Branton,
who was also African American,

985
01:09:37,912 --> 01:09:43,624
very dynamic fellow, and very
well-known in the black community in LA.

986
01:09:43,784 --> 01:09:47,095
He understood his client,

987
01:09:47,555 --> 01:09:49,466
he understood the situation.

988
01:09:50,458 --> 01:09:55,737
I felt much more optimistic with him there.

989
01:09:56,264 --> 01:09:59,609
A trial lawyer
must be somewhat of a showman.

990
01:09:59,967 --> 01:10:01,503
You are acting in front of a jury.

991
01:10:02,303 --> 01:10:03,976
You cannot be all actor, though.

992
01:10:04,038 --> 01:10:06,177
There must be substance
to what you're doing.

993
01:10:07,475 --> 01:10:10,683
By being passionate about your cause,
being intellectual

994
01:10:10,745 --> 01:10:12,985
and having prepared the case

995
01:10:13,047 --> 01:10:17,291
to the point where you can make the
best possible presentation before a jury.

996
01:10:18,052 --> 01:10:21,522
So the stakes are, we have to win
this case, and we have to win it now.

997
01:10:21,923 --> 01:10:25,132
You either win the case now,
or you forget about it. It's over.

998
01:10:27,461 --> 01:10:29,065
I was charged with

999
01:10:30,598 --> 01:10:35,911
three crimes that carried the death penalty.

1000
01:10:37,805 --> 01:10:42,345
I tried to avoid actually thinking about that.

1001
01:10:42,910 --> 01:10:49,885
I tried to avoid thinking about what was,
at that time, a gas chamber.

1002
01:10:51,652 --> 01:10:54,531
Anyone facing the death penalty
was not allowed bail.

1003
01:10:54,956 --> 01:11:01,032
But the trial judge previously stated
that if it weren't for the death penalty,

1004
01:11:01,095 --> 01:11:05,134
he would allow Angela Davis
to have bail on appeal.

1005
01:11:06,634 --> 01:11:08,739
You get pressure all the time.

1006
01:11:09,036 --> 01:11:12,483
They'd say, "Kill her, kill her, kill her.
You can do it."

1007
01:11:14,942 --> 01:11:19,186
And I never let that bother me.
I never told anybody about it.

1008
01:11:21,549 --> 01:11:26,396
Today, the small green room
at San Quentin is empty, unused.

1009
01:11:27,188 --> 01:11:30,162
The California Supreme Court
has outlawed the death penalty

1010
01:11:30,224 --> 01:11:32,727
as "cruel" and "unusual" punishment.

1011
01:11:33,995 --> 01:11:35,543
Immediately upon getting this news,

1012
01:11:35,605 --> 01:11:37,705
I called Howard Moore
on the phone, I said,

1013
01:11:37,798 --> 01:11:41,540
"Call the judge and call
the prosecuting attorney, and tell them

1014
01:11:41,602 --> 01:11:44,412
"that you're gonna make a motion
to free Angela Davis on bail."

1015
01:11:44,605 --> 01:11:49,213
Aretha Franklin had said that she would
put up any amount of money for bail.

1016
01:11:49,610 --> 01:11:51,783
And so I was trying to reach her.

1017
01:11:53,014 --> 01:11:54,789
I was trying to call Aretha, man.

1018
01:11:54,982 --> 01:11:58,327
"We need money, honey.
As much as you can give us."

1019
01:11:58,586 --> 01:12:03,057
Well, she was in the West Indies and
it wasn't possible to make the transfer,

1020
01:12:03,157 --> 01:12:06,570
and I had one other person who said
that they would put up money for bail.

1021
01:12:07,128 --> 01:12:10,035
A white farmer from Fresno, California,

1022
01:12:10,097 --> 01:12:12,771
which is one of the most
conservative areas in the state.

1023
01:12:12,900 --> 01:12:15,107
His name was Rodger McAfee.

1024
01:12:15,236 --> 01:12:16,942
And I said, "Will you do it?"

1025
01:12:17,004 --> 01:12:18,847
And he said, "Yes.

1026
01:12:19,040 --> 01:12:22,886
"I will put up my farm as collateral."

1027
01:12:25,212 --> 01:12:26,714
When Rodger McAfee goes out

1028
01:12:26,781 --> 01:12:29,688
to feed the cows
on his dairy farm near Fresno,

1029
01:12:29,750 --> 01:12:33,630
he now carries an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle,

1030
01:12:33,754 --> 01:12:36,161
because he says his life and the lives

1031
01:12:36,223 --> 01:12:38,760
of his wife and five children
have been threatened.

1032
01:12:39,493 --> 01:12:42,868
The threats began the day after McAfee
put up some of his farmland

1033
01:12:42,930 --> 01:12:46,468
as security for Angela Davis' bail bonds.

1034
01:12:47,101 --> 01:12:50,844
Angela Davis has always promoted
the path to the freedom of peoples.

1035
01:12:51,072 --> 01:12:54,645
The freedom to speak out and...

1036
01:12:54,742 --> 01:12:56,813
it's our American way of life.

1037
01:12:56,944 --> 01:13:00,819
And when you have constant threats
on your life and etcetera,

1038
01:13:00,881 --> 01:13:06,024
that's not freedom. It just shows
we haven't developed far enough yet.

1039
01:13:10,391 --> 01:13:13,372
We're all outside
the courtroom together waiting.

1040
01:13:13,494 --> 01:13:17,101
And Howard comes out loping along,
you know?

1041
01:13:17,164 --> 01:13:18,734
Do some work, some typing.

1042
01:13:18,799 --> 01:13:21,140
And we yell, "What happened?"

1043
01:13:21,202 --> 01:13:22,541
I mean, we didn't know where he was going.

1044
01:13:22,603 --> 01:13:23,676
I'm going to do some typing.

1045
01:13:23,738 --> 01:13:26,309
The man has said he's going to do
some typing and some work,

1046
01:13:26,373 --> 01:13:28,410
and there are no more questions, all right?

1047
01:13:28,509 --> 01:13:31,718
And he turned and he was crying.

1048
01:13:32,346 --> 01:13:35,589
In a choked voice he said,
"We got what we came for."

1049
01:13:37,818 --> 01:13:40,526
After a tense day of
closed door conferences,

1050
01:13:40,588 --> 01:13:43,962
Judge Richard Arnason ruled
Miss Davis should be freed from jail.

1051
01:13:44,024 --> 01:13:47,466
It was the first legal fallout
from the death penalty ruling.

1052
01:13:47,528 --> 01:13:50,369
And the judge's decision
did not please the prosecution.

1053
01:13:50,431 --> 01:13:53,605
I think what he's going to do
is contrary to law.

1054
01:13:53,701 --> 01:13:55,681
Is this appealable? Can you appeal it?

1055
01:13:56,771 --> 01:13:59,411
Well, I suppose we could seek some relief
from the appellate court,

1056
01:13:59,473 --> 01:14:03,615
but the time factor is so short that
I don't think it would be worth the effort.

1057
01:14:04,779 --> 01:14:08,249
Then we got to the bail bondsman's
office. His name was Steve Sparacino.

1058
01:14:08,783 --> 01:14:12,162
Everything closes at 5:00, right?
We wanted to get her out that night.

1059
01:14:12,253 --> 01:14:15,564
And he said, "Well, I don't know.
Should I do this? Should I not do this?"

1060
01:14:16,123 --> 01:14:20,003
And perhaps about four minutes to 5:00,
and he said, "Okay."

1061
01:14:21,295 --> 01:14:24,105
I'm so happy, boy. I just...

1062
01:14:25,266 --> 01:14:27,803
Kendra said to me, "Go tell Angela."

1063
01:14:31,639 --> 01:14:34,882
When I'm processed through
and I'm allowed into Angela's cell,

1064
01:14:36,577 --> 01:14:39,615
Angela had on a black shawl.

1065
01:14:40,815 --> 01:14:42,852
She was getting ready to leave.

1066
01:14:42,950 --> 01:14:48,059
She stood absolutely still for a moment,
and her body rippled.

1067
01:14:48,189 --> 01:14:50,999
There was, like, this little ripple
and then she walked out.

1068
01:15:13,747 --> 01:15:16,318
Her release on bail transformed the trial

1069
01:15:16,383 --> 01:15:19,158
because the presumption of innocence
had been restored.

1070
01:15:19,220 --> 01:15:21,461
She came into the courtroom
as a free person,

1071
01:15:21,555 --> 01:15:24,297
and it transformed everything
about the trial.

1072
01:15:57,825 --> 01:16:02,001
After 17 months of pre-trial activity
and three weeks to pick a jury,

1073
01:16:02,096 --> 01:16:04,474
the Angela Davis trial is ready
to hear evidence.

1074
01:16:05,132 --> 01:16:07,669
Prosecutor Albert Harris
outlined a conspiracy

1075
01:16:07,735 --> 01:16:10,676
which he promised to weave
out of circumstantial evidence.

1076
01:16:10,738 --> 01:16:13,685
A plan to take hostages
from a California courthouse

1077
01:16:13,774 --> 01:16:16,584
and use them to free San Quentin prisoners.

1078
01:16:17,111 --> 01:16:20,684
His first motive was political.

1079
01:16:21,415 --> 01:16:24,223
Angela Davis, a communist, a Black Panther,

1080
01:16:24,285 --> 01:16:26,526
a member of the Che Lumumba Club,

1081
01:16:27,154 --> 01:16:32,604
anxious to free the Soledad Brothers
and other political prisoners,

1082
01:16:32,826 --> 01:16:36,069
did this out of revolutionary fervor.

1083
01:16:36,430 --> 01:16:39,900
And then he changed midstream.

1084
01:16:40,267 --> 01:16:43,544
Harris said Miss Davis aided and abetted
that escape attempt

1085
01:16:43,671 --> 01:16:47,244
driven by a passion for Soledad Brother
George Jackson.

1086
01:16:47,374 --> 01:16:49,615
A passion, he said, that knew no bounds.

1087
01:16:49,710 --> 01:16:52,486
When he got up and made this argument,

1088
01:16:52,746 --> 01:16:57,252
it was so stunning.
I'm thinking, like, "Whoa!"

1089
01:16:57,618 --> 01:17:03,466
It was basically an argument that I was...

1090
01:17:06,060 --> 01:17:11,601
I was a person who had uncontrollable
passion because I was a woman.

1091
01:17:11,899 --> 01:17:13,284
In the State's case,

1092
01:17:13,346 --> 01:17:16,246
the primary motive charged
was to free the Soledad Brothers.

1093
01:17:16,904 --> 01:17:20,147
Ironically, at the noon recess,
word reached the courthouse.

1094
01:17:20,574 --> 01:17:23,248
They had been found, "Not guilty."

1095
01:17:23,444 --> 01:17:26,015
- Soledad Brothers got acquitted.
- They got acquitted.

1096
01:17:26,580 --> 01:17:31,188
Soledad Brothers were not guilty
and they've received a just verdict.

1097
01:17:31,352 --> 01:17:32,353
Right on.

1098
01:17:38,692 --> 01:17:41,138
I thought of the idea of having Angela Davis

1099
01:17:41,862 --> 01:17:43,603
to make the opening statement to the jury.

1100
01:17:44,865 --> 01:17:49,837
An opening statement in which she could
tell all about herself all of who she was.

1101
01:17:51,505 --> 01:17:56,011
And she got to tell the jury that
without being cross-examined.

1102
01:17:59,246 --> 01:18:02,523
No one has heard
Angela Davis say anything.

1103
01:18:02,750 --> 01:18:06,129
And so, suddenly in the courtroom,

1104
01:18:06,420 --> 01:18:08,991
she had this moment.

1105
01:18:09,790 --> 01:18:12,430
And every eye in the courtroom is on her.

1106
01:18:12,860 --> 01:18:17,400
So the beginning of the trial
was really Angela Davis.

1107
01:18:18,532 --> 01:18:22,139
I'm just gonna read to you.
"The trial's most dramatic development

1108
01:18:22,202 --> 01:18:26,082
"was the defense's opening statement
delivered by the defendant herself.

1109
01:18:26,874 --> 01:18:31,016
"Miss Davis scoffed at the prosecution
of her motive.

1110
01:18:31,612 --> 01:18:33,793
"The suggestion that
her love for Jackson

1111
01:18:33,855 --> 01:18:36,255
"had driven her to crime, she said,

1112
01:18:36,383 --> 01:18:41,526
"was utterly fantastic, utterly absurd.

1113
01:18:41,955 --> 01:18:45,095
"Clear evidence of male chauvinism."

1114
01:18:46,827 --> 01:18:48,807
I mean, nobody expected that.

1115
01:18:49,129 --> 01:18:52,838
You know, here's the beginning of a trial
that everyone thinks is black and white.

1116
01:18:52,933 --> 01:18:56,073
And what is she bringing up
in her opening statement,

1117
01:18:56,303 --> 01:18:58,249
but male chauvinism. Quite interesting.

1118
01:19:09,583 --> 01:19:16,000
Harris, in the early days,
brought on a lot of witnesses

1119
01:19:16,090 --> 01:19:18,127
to basically make the ground for his case.

1120
01:19:24,731 --> 01:19:27,172
I was working in the darkroom,
mixing fixer that day.

1121
01:19:27,234 --> 01:19:29,840
And I heard on the police monitor
that there was a...

1122
01:19:29,903 --> 01:19:31,849
They called a code 33.

1123
01:19:32,172 --> 01:19:36,450
Armed convicts with hostages at the
Marin County Civic Center Hall of Justice.

1124
01:19:37,344 --> 01:19:40,621
There was a shooting, there were
witnesses, so-and-so saw so-and-so.

1125
01:19:42,850 --> 01:19:45,990
I was across the archway
from where they were exiting.

1126
01:19:46,286 --> 01:19:48,326
And about that time somebody said,
"Here they come."

1127
01:19:49,389 --> 01:19:51,062
And there were a lot of exhibits.

1128
01:19:51,258 --> 01:19:53,101
The stick, that gun.

1129
01:19:54,361 --> 01:19:56,334
And the next thing I knew,
I got a black man

1130
01:19:56,396 --> 01:19:58,770
with a .357 Magnum
aimed at my head saying,

1131
01:19:58,832 --> 01:20:01,176
"Stand up, motherfucker,
or I'll blow your brains out."

1132
01:20:06,473 --> 01:20:10,011
Harris then continued
for days and days and weeks,

1133
01:20:10,744 --> 01:20:13,985
putting on exhibit, after exhibit,
after exhibit.

1134
01:20:14,047 --> 01:20:16,152
And witness, after witness, after witness.

1135
01:20:17,684 --> 01:20:21,325
What I saw,
I saw through the lens of a camera.

1136
01:20:21,421 --> 01:20:23,560
My photographs were my testimony.

1137
01:20:25,092 --> 01:20:27,799
I think he presented 104 witnesses

1138
01:20:27,861 --> 01:20:31,741
to overwhelm the jury with
what had happened on August 7th.

1139
01:20:37,571 --> 01:20:42,452
It was David and Goliath, you know?
And Angela was David.

1140
01:20:47,047 --> 01:20:53,430
The trial, for Harris, it was a hugely
important assignment for him.

1141
01:20:54,054 --> 01:20:55,294
Huge.

1142
01:20:55,556 --> 01:21:00,369
He was the one
who had to carry the government.

1143
01:21:01,929 --> 01:21:05,843
Albert Harris was not
a prosecuting attorney.

1144
01:21:06,133 --> 01:21:09,941
All the prosecuting attorneys
had been disqualified

1145
01:21:10,003 --> 01:21:16,215
because one of the victims of the crime
was a district attorney.

1146
01:21:17,110 --> 01:21:21,354
And so the Attorney General
took over as prosecutors.

1147
01:21:22,049 --> 01:21:26,794
So we had the advantage of having
better trial lawyers than they were.

1148
01:21:30,257 --> 01:21:33,932
Leo Branton made an argument
that was stunning.

1149
01:21:34,228 --> 01:21:38,818
That some of the most
unreliable testimony you'll ever hear

1150
01:21:38,880 --> 01:21:40,180
is eyewitness testimony.

1151
01:21:40,434 --> 01:21:43,308
Seated at the counsel table,

1152
01:21:43,370 --> 01:21:45,316
in addition to Angela and the lawyers,

1153
01:21:46,206 --> 01:21:52,452
was Kendra Alexander,
who's a close friend of Angela's,

1154
01:21:52,746 --> 01:21:55,192
and the head of the defense committee.

1155
01:21:55,449 --> 01:21:58,487
One day, when he had
this very hostile witness,

1156
01:21:58,552 --> 01:21:59,992
the guy even called him bald-headed,

1157
01:22:00,387 --> 01:22:04,358
and he was identifying Angela Davis as
being the one and he saw her.

1158
01:22:04,491 --> 01:22:06,129
They just kept egging this guy on.

1159
01:22:06,226 --> 01:22:09,833
They said, "Can you identify her?"
"Yes, that's her, right there."

1160
01:22:10,030 --> 01:22:12,442
And he chose Kendra.

1161
01:22:12,866 --> 01:22:15,608
It was an astounding moment.

1162
01:22:15,702 --> 01:22:20,447
And it revealed Leo's brilliant lawyering.

1163
01:22:20,807 --> 01:22:24,277
He set the guy up, that's really
what he did. He set the guy up.

1164
01:22:25,579 --> 01:22:29,789
You know these things,
the cumulative effect on the jurors.

1165
01:22:30,617 --> 01:22:33,154
But just the very idea
of making that argument

1166
01:22:33,287 --> 01:22:38,703
saying, "Eyewitness testimony is some
of the most unreliable you'll ever get."

1167
01:22:39,393 --> 01:22:40,778
That didn't
strike me right.

1168
01:22:40,840 --> 01:22:43,735
But then when you see them
cross-examine these people,

1169
01:22:43,797 --> 01:22:46,638
and there are these people saying,
"This is what I saw with my own eyes."

1170
01:22:46,700 --> 01:22:50,944
It seemed to be so...
Just tear their testimony up.

1171
01:22:51,438 --> 01:22:54,544
Makes you really think about
the eyewitness testimony, you know.

1172
01:23:02,816 --> 01:23:07,356
The prosecutor, Mr. Harris,
believed he had a case.

1173
01:23:08,322 --> 01:23:12,668
And I think the most powerful item
that he had

1174
01:23:13,260 --> 01:23:15,797
were what were referred to as "the letters."

1175
01:23:16,496 --> 01:23:21,343
Angela had written letters to George
when he was still in Soledad Prison.

1176
01:23:22,536 --> 01:23:27,542
Those letters which were, you know,
very passionate and very emotional,

1177
01:23:27,607 --> 01:23:30,081
and, you know, all about love,

1178
01:23:30,143 --> 01:23:34,558
but struggle and revolution.
It was all entangled.

1179
01:23:35,549 --> 01:23:41,659
But he wanted to use this
as the primary evidence of my guilt.

1180
01:23:42,589 --> 01:23:46,059
The defense did not
want these letters in there.

1181
01:23:46,326 --> 01:23:49,100
And the prosecution wanted them in there,

1182
01:23:49,162 --> 01:23:50,278
because they said,

1183
01:23:50,340 --> 01:23:52,740
"You read these letters,
you'll understand why she did this."

1184
01:23:53,967 --> 01:23:56,243
Here's a quote, it's from Harris.

1185
01:23:56,837 --> 01:24:01,479
"You will find, I think, from the letters,
a willingness on the part of the defendant

1186
01:24:01,708 --> 01:24:06,680
"to do whatever she felt had to be done
to free George Jackson."

1187
01:24:07,013 --> 01:24:10,460
It was as though the letters
were meant to, in fact, say,

1188
01:24:10,584 --> 01:24:15,124
"Look, I'll free you. And I'm so in love
with you, I'll do anything for you."

1189
01:24:15,255 --> 01:24:16,256
You know?

1190
01:24:16,723 --> 01:24:18,997
Leo was incensed, okay.

1191
01:24:19,059 --> 01:24:21,900
He was really incensed about
putting in this diary,

1192
01:24:21,962 --> 01:24:23,522
and particularly this part of the diary

1193
01:24:24,765 --> 01:24:27,075
where Angela is
expressing herself in this way.

1194
01:24:27,501 --> 01:24:33,345
Now, Branton, he stood on his feet,
and put his hand here, in his jacket,

1195
01:24:33,407 --> 01:24:38,117
and this arm was way out in front,
and he was just saying,

1196
01:24:38,245 --> 01:24:40,851
"These are not admissible."

1197
01:24:41,348 --> 01:24:42,418
So, we fought.

1198
01:24:42,482 --> 01:24:46,453
I mean, some of the heaviest fighting in
the case was over editing this letter.

1199
01:24:47,387 --> 01:24:50,061
The judge comes in
with his sweeping black robes,

1200
01:24:50,123 --> 01:24:52,797
and he kind of steps up the steps,
and he sits down.

1201
01:24:53,193 --> 01:24:56,037
The courtroom is very nervous
and sitting forward,

1202
01:24:56,296 --> 01:24:57,832
and no one's looking at anyone else.

1203
01:24:58,565 --> 01:25:04,311
Arnason takes the 18 pages,
came back with three pages.

1204
01:25:06,440 --> 01:25:12,118
And so he read some of the letters in court.

1205
01:25:13,113 --> 01:25:18,022
"I, your wife, your comrade,
who's supposed to love you,

1206
01:25:18,084 --> 01:25:20,825
"fight with you, fight for you,

1207
01:25:20,887 --> 01:25:23,194
"I'm supposed to rip off the chains.

1208
01:25:23,256 --> 01:25:26,169
"I'm supposed to fight your enemies
with my body,

1209
01:25:26,293 --> 01:25:29,137
"but I am helpless, powerless.

1210
01:25:29,296 --> 01:25:31,799
"I contain a rage inside

1211
01:25:31,998 --> 01:25:35,741
"as I re-experience this now,
my pulse beats faster.

1212
01:25:35,936 --> 01:25:38,710
"I begin to breathe harder. And I see myself

1213
01:25:38,772 --> 01:25:42,213
"tearing down this steel door,
fighting my way to you,

1214
01:25:42,275 --> 01:25:45,620
"ripping down your cell door
and letting you go free.

1215
01:25:46,546 --> 01:25:50,187
"I feel as you do, so terribly is this love."

1216
01:25:51,051 --> 01:25:53,793
If I had been the prosecutor,
I would try to put that in, too.

1217
01:25:59,626 --> 01:26:01,114
It was very painful

1218
01:26:01,176 --> 01:26:06,471
to have my expressions
of my deepest emotional feelings

1219
01:26:06,533 --> 01:26:13,244
splashed across the newspaper as a
result of having been revealed in court.

1220
01:26:13,306 --> 01:26:15,946
It was very difficult, yeah.
It was very difficult.

1221
01:26:31,391 --> 01:26:35,840
Doris Walker and Margaret Burnham
had been in charge of our witnesses.

1222
01:26:36,296 --> 01:26:39,641
They had a whole slew of people
lined up to testify.

1223
01:26:39,900 --> 01:26:42,849
And what we ultimately
decided was that

1224
01:26:42,911 --> 01:26:44,611
we should not appear to be defensive.

1225
01:26:44,738 --> 01:26:48,743
And we should only have witnesses
for very specific points

1226
01:26:48,808 --> 01:26:50,651
that might be confusing to the jury.

1227
01:26:50,877 --> 01:26:52,618
Just imagine.

1228
01:26:54,414 --> 01:26:58,385
This judge is taken out of the courtroom
with a shotgun

1229
01:26:59,553 --> 01:27:03,023
and you have someone
that buys these weapons,

1230
01:27:03,290 --> 01:27:06,066
but what makes that fall apart is,

1231
01:27:06,426 --> 01:27:08,770
why, if that was the plan,

1232
01:27:08,929 --> 01:27:14,607
why would she use her own
identification to purchase these weapons?

1233
01:27:14,701 --> 01:27:18,109
Basically, your defense is, and I think
Leo Branton said it just like this,

1234
01:27:18,171 --> 01:27:22,347
"Angela Davis is not stupid.
You know she's not stupid.

1235
01:27:22,409 --> 01:27:24,411
"She had to be stupid to buy these guns,

1236
01:27:24,578 --> 01:27:26,818
"knowing that we were going to know
that she bought them

1237
01:27:26,880 --> 01:27:29,952
"and they're going to be
the weapons in this crime."

1238
01:27:30,984 --> 01:27:32,833
Carefully, without emotion,

1239
01:27:32,895 --> 01:27:35,693
the prosecutor
wound up his case against Angela Davis.

1240
01:27:35,755 --> 01:27:37,928
"She conspired to kidnap and murder,"
he said,

1241
01:27:38,058 --> 01:27:39,809
"because of a passionate desire

1242
01:27:39,871 --> 01:27:42,371
"to free her lover,
Soledad Brother George Jackson."

1243
01:27:42,929 --> 01:27:45,535
Prosecutor Albert Harris
showed the guns she bought.

1244
01:27:45,599 --> 01:27:47,670
He reviewed the testimony of witnesses

1245
01:27:47,834 --> 01:27:50,838
who saw her with a young man
who later used those guns.

1246
01:27:51,371 --> 01:27:55,213
"This case is all about death, injury
and kidnapping," Harris said.

1247
01:27:55,275 --> 01:27:57,414
"And Angela Davis is responsible."

1248
01:28:01,615 --> 01:28:04,391
"Assistant Attorney General Albert W. Harris

1249
01:28:04,584 --> 01:28:08,396
"quietly turned from the wooden lectern
in the middle of the courtroom

1250
01:28:08,855 --> 01:28:13,531
"and walked a few steps to
the prosecuting attorney's table.

1251
01:28:14,027 --> 01:28:17,167
"He glanced down
at a pile of papers on his desk,

1252
01:28:17,230 --> 01:28:21,701
"and announced, undramatically,
'The People rest their case."'

1253
01:28:24,904 --> 01:28:28,044
He did a magnificent job

1254
01:28:28,274 --> 01:28:31,716
of taking all of these pieces,
and pulling them all together

1255
01:28:31,778 --> 01:28:33,780
and telling you what to think.

1256
01:28:34,614 --> 01:28:36,321
I said...

1257
01:28:37,017 --> 01:28:39,497
"I believe Angela's gone."

1258
01:28:42,789 --> 01:28:44,894
Leo told me, "See, now, Howard,

1259
01:28:45,392 --> 01:28:48,965
"you're gonna take the eyewitnesses.
They're yours."

1260
01:28:49,596 --> 01:28:52,270
So I emphasized
the presumption of innocence,

1261
01:28:53,099 --> 01:28:54,973
the question of reasonable doubt,

1262
01:28:55,035 --> 01:28:58,505
and I attacked each one
of the eyewitnesses.

1263
01:28:59,239 --> 01:29:02,777
Then we paused and we set up the stage,

1264
01:29:03,543 --> 01:29:07,320
and my brother, Leo, rose to the occasion.

1265
01:29:07,681 --> 01:29:12,061
I knew that I had to prove

1266
01:29:12,485 --> 01:29:15,295
that Angela's flight
was not evidence of guilt.

1267
01:29:16,456 --> 01:29:18,026
I said to the jury,

1268
01:29:18,324 --> 01:29:20,600
"I want you to play a role with me.

1269
01:29:21,561 --> 01:29:26,306
"For the next several minutes,
I want you to think black.

1270
01:29:27,567 --> 01:29:30,104
"I want you to be black.

1271
01:29:30,236 --> 01:29:31,271
"Don't worry.

1272
01:29:31,771 --> 01:29:34,342
"I'll let you return to being white
when this is over.

1273
01:29:35,508 --> 01:29:37,351
"If you're black,

1274
01:29:38,211 --> 01:29:42,250
"you know that your fore parents were
brought to this country as slaves.

1275
01:29:42,716 --> 01:29:46,459
"And the United States
Supreme Court ruled,

1276
01:29:47,220 --> 01:29:49,291
"'There are no rights

1277
01:29:51,424 --> 01:29:56,772
"'that a black person has
that a white man is bound to respect.'

1278
01:29:57,764 --> 01:30:01,007
"An intellectual like Angela Davis knew this.

1279
01:30:01,868 --> 01:30:08,217
"She also knew that during the '60s,
every time a black person raised his voice

1280
01:30:08,575 --> 01:30:13,820
"in support of liberty and the freedom
of the black man, he was assassinated.

1281
01:30:14,247 --> 01:30:17,194
"And so if you know all of those things,

1282
01:30:17,550 --> 01:30:19,860
"if you are Angela Davis,

1283
01:30:20,153 --> 01:30:21,928
"or if you're black,

1284
01:30:22,355 --> 01:30:24,961
"you don't wonder why she fled.

1285
01:30:25,158 --> 01:30:30,369
"You only wonder why in the world
did she allow herself to be caught?"

1286
01:30:35,602 --> 01:30:39,043
Defense attorney, Leo Branton, said
he did not know who the person was

1287
01:30:39,105 --> 01:30:42,609
that the prosecution witnesses
had identified as Angela Davis.

1288
01:30:42,709 --> 01:30:44,949
But he said it wasn't his job to find out.

1289
01:30:45,011 --> 01:30:47,418
"Angela Davis is no fool," he continued.

1290
01:30:47,480 --> 01:30:50,221
"Why would she buy a gun
to blow a judge's head off

1291
01:30:50,283 --> 01:30:51,921
"and buy it in her own name?

1292
01:30:51,985 --> 01:30:54,425
"The prosecution's theory is absurd."

1293
01:30:54,487 --> 01:30:58,526
The jury will begin deliberating
her guilt or innocence tomorrow.

1294
01:31:33,226 --> 01:31:35,199
We were sitting on the lawn.

1295
01:31:35,261 --> 01:31:38,435
Franklin came out
and he said, "They've reached a verdict."

1296
01:31:43,102 --> 01:31:46,208
And I was standing next to Mrs. Davis,
Angela's mother.

1297
01:31:46,506 --> 01:31:49,851
And she said to me, "I can't go in.

1298
01:31:50,210 --> 01:31:52,315
"I just... I can't go in." She couldn't bear it.

1299
01:31:52,445 --> 01:31:55,426
She wanted to be with her own thoughts,

1300
01:31:55,515 --> 01:32:00,021
and she obviously didn't think
she could maintain her composure.

1301
01:32:00,086 --> 01:32:02,123
And it was Angela who reached out to her
and said,

1302
01:32:02,188 --> 01:32:03,826
"Mom, you've got to come."

1303
01:32:18,004 --> 01:32:21,713
There was a way in which we were all
kind of in our own silos.

1304
01:32:22,342 --> 01:32:26,784
When we came into the courtroom
with, you know, obviously, solidarity,

1305
01:32:26,846 --> 01:32:29,792
but we were all also
just steeling ourselves

1306
01:32:29,854 --> 01:32:32,854
for whatever that jury was going to say.

1307
01:32:35,521 --> 01:32:37,660
And the jury walks in,

1308
01:32:37,724 --> 01:32:41,001
and then Margaret falls apart completely.

1309
01:32:42,061 --> 01:32:45,975
So, I'm in a situation where
I'm having to help Margaret,

1310
01:32:47,467 --> 01:32:51,847
and she kind of stretched her arms out.

1311
01:32:52,639 --> 01:32:56,883
And then Franklin started crying.
He was in the audience.

1312
01:32:58,845 --> 01:33:01,652
And the judge says,
"Have you reached a verdict?"

1313
01:33:01,714 --> 01:33:04,251
And Mrs. Timothy said,
"Yes, Your Honor, we have."

1314
01:33:04,717 --> 01:33:10,428
The jury hands the jury slip to the clerk,
and the clerk then hands it to the judge,

1315
01:33:10,490 --> 01:33:12,396
and the judge then looks at it,

1316
01:33:12,458 --> 01:33:16,400
and you look at the judge
to see if he's happy or sad,

1317
01:33:16,462 --> 01:33:18,965
or if he's giving away anything.

1318
01:33:19,032 --> 01:33:22,172
And no judge ever does at that moment.

1319
01:33:23,569 --> 01:33:25,913
The court clerk reads out the charge.

1320
01:33:26,606 --> 01:33:30,679
"In the case of Angela Davis
on the charge of first degree murder,

1321
01:33:30,743 --> 01:33:32,484
"how does the jury find?"

1322
01:33:33,179 --> 01:33:34,852
And she said, "Not guilty."

1323
01:33:35,782 --> 01:33:37,420
And then they read the second one.

1324
01:33:37,483 --> 01:33:40,123
"First degree kidnapping,
how does the jury find?"

1325
01:33:41,020 --> 01:33:42,124
"Not guilty."

1326
01:33:42,722 --> 01:33:46,795
And then the clerk read out the next
charge, which was the conspiracy,

1327
01:33:46,993 --> 01:33:48,793
and that's the one
we were most nervous about.

1328
01:33:50,029 --> 01:33:53,499
I think I stopped breathing.
Everybody was just sobbing.

1329
01:33:55,001 --> 01:33:59,280
Angela reached over
to touch her mother,

1330
01:33:59,342 --> 01:34:01,942
who was sitting right behind her.

1331
01:34:03,443 --> 01:34:05,286
And she said, "Not guilty."

1332
01:34:11,651 --> 01:34:16,691
And there came the yell, "Power
to the people! Power to the people!

1333
01:34:16,856 --> 01:34:18,199
"Power to the people!"

1334
01:34:18,524 --> 01:34:21,404
And then they started,
"Power to the jury.

1335
01:34:21,466 --> 01:34:24,066
"Power to the jury. Power to the jury."

1336
01:34:49,122 --> 01:34:52,194
Today's verdict climaxed the trial
which many have viewed

1337
01:34:52,258 --> 01:34:55,239
as a testing ground
for the American judicial system.

1338
01:34:55,695 --> 01:35:00,371
Supporters said political and racial bias
would prevent a fair trial.

1339
01:35:00,733 --> 01:35:02,406
But despite these claims,

1340
01:35:02,468 --> 01:35:07,213
today in San Jose, an all-white jury
acquitted Angela Davis.

1341
01:35:25,619 --> 01:35:28,827
The simple truth obvious to all long ago
was this,

1342
01:35:28,889 --> 01:35:31,696
there never was a legal case against Angela.

1343
01:35:31,758 --> 01:35:36,167
But the political necessity for such a trial
was incontrovertible for the state.

1344
01:35:36,229 --> 01:35:37,833
That is why it is so important

1345
01:35:37,898 --> 01:35:41,038
that this state's conspiracy to get Angela
was smashed.

1346
01:35:41,902 --> 01:35:44,439
Just general reaction.
Could you just take off and rap?

1347
01:35:47,340 --> 01:35:50,014
I think you've been able to see
from all of the celebrating

1348
01:35:50,076 --> 01:35:52,647
that has already taken place here
what my reaction is

1349
01:35:52,712 --> 01:35:54,919
and the reaction
of the members of my family.

1350
01:35:54,981 --> 01:35:58,155
And all of the sisters and brothers who
have been struggling for my freedom.

1351
01:35:58,351 --> 01:36:00,388
This is the happiest day of my life.

1352
01:36:01,755 --> 01:36:05,760
Throughout this country, people are
becoming increasingly aware

1353
01:36:05,825 --> 01:36:08,431
of the fact that whatever
the government does,

1354
01:36:08,528 --> 01:36:11,634
is not a priori the truth.

1355
01:36:11,698 --> 01:36:14,338
And it's not only the struggle around
political prisoners

1356
01:36:14,401 --> 01:36:17,007
that has begun to change
the climate in this country

1357
01:36:17,070 --> 01:36:19,983
so that an acquittal like this could occur.

1358
01:36:20,840 --> 01:36:23,286
But also the reaction to the war in Vietnam

1359
01:36:23,376 --> 01:36:27,153
and the reaction to Nixon's
economic policies.

1360
01:36:27,380 --> 01:36:29,821
I think there's a lot more resistance now.

1361
01:36:29,883 --> 01:36:34,158
And that means that we have to continue
to build that resistance

1362
01:36:34,220 --> 01:36:36,029
and allow it to mature.

1363
01:36:37,223 --> 01:36:42,195
This was not something
that we could set aside

1364
01:36:42,662 --> 01:36:47,405
and say, "This is over.
Now let's get on with our lives."

1365
01:36:47,467 --> 01:36:50,505
This was the way in which
we were creating our lives.

1366
01:36:50,570 --> 01:36:53,517
This is the way we were choosing
to live our lives.

1367
01:37:45,992 --> 01:37:48,302
Sisters and brothers,

1368
01:37:48,795 --> 01:37:52,538
this is really a beautiful, beautiful moment.

1369
01:37:55,568 --> 01:37:58,549
It would have been a little hard to imagine

1370
01:37:58,872 --> 01:38:01,011
22 long months ago

1371
01:38:01,074 --> 01:38:05,016
that tonight, thousands and thousands
and thousands of people

1372
01:38:05,078 --> 01:38:07,852
are here at Madison Square Garden

1373
01:38:07,914 --> 01:38:12,056
celebrating a magnificent people's victory!

1374
01:38:57,530 --> 01:39:01,342
I was so glad that
that part of my life was over.

1375
01:39:03,970 --> 01:39:08,316
At the same time, all of this energy
that had been generated.

1376
01:39:08,675 --> 01:39:10,712
We sat down to talk about

1377
01:39:10,977 --> 01:39:14,515
how we could keep that structure in place

1378
01:39:14,581 --> 01:39:16,151
and how we could go on

1379
01:39:16,216 --> 01:39:19,459
in order to bring more victories
to more people.

1380
01:39:25,425 --> 01:39:30,238
That became the theme of my life.
And here I am today.